WORLD WAR I (AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE).

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Presentation transcript:

WORLD WAR I (AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE)

Reasons for the war to begin… Industrialism –Factory system –Made goods for trade… and then weapons Nationalism –Love and loyalty for your country –Desire to unite people under one nation (gov’t) Imperialism –Rule of one country over another –Added strength to country (markets) –Wanted to protect colonies

Reasons for the war to begin… Militarism –Glory in war … only use of force could solve problems –Military weapons and army build up Formation of alliances –Choosing “sides” –“friends” to protect and “back-up” –Led to mistrust between nations

The Balkans = “powder keg” Fighting over international boundaries (each ethnicity wanted to have its own country). Serbia wanted united the Serbs living in Austria into a “Greater Serbia”

Gavrilo Princip, Serbian

 Triple Entente = Allies OR Allied Powers Russia, France, Britain… then Serbia, Italy and the U.S.  Triple Alliance = Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy… then Turkey and Bulgaria

Gallipoli

The Gallipoli Campaign - Turks joined Central Powers - Br & Fr attacked to open seaport to get supplies to Russia (1915) - Turkey placed mines in water around Dardanelles to keep Allies out and keep Russia stuck in Black Sea

Allies targeted Asia, Africa & Pacific Islands (b/c Germany had colonies in these areas) OTHERS JOINED ALLIES - Japan b/c promised control over these areas - Africans b/c wanted freedom of German rule - Arabs b/c wanted to be free of Ottoman rule

April 1915 – Italy declares neutrality & withdraws Had no love for Austria-Hungary… didn’t care if A-H won or not May 1915 – Italy re-enters on the side of the Allies Promised land in Africa… ITALY SWITCHES

“Neutrality” and Economics Loans - Loaned $1.5 billion to Allies - Allies used money to buy supplies Shipping - Ger blocked Br food sources - Br blocked supply ships - interfered with each countries’ shipping

Committee on Public Info Changed names of products: - German measles - Hamburger - Sauerkraut

Committee on Public Info Super-Americanism

Woodrow Wilson "Any man who carries a hyphen about with him carries a dagger that he is ready to plunge into the vitals of this Republic whenever he gets ready."

Selective Service Act 2x more Black Americans…. segregated Encouraged immigrants = assimilation

War Industries Board assist factories transfer from peace to war mass production of steel/tin

Food Administration Commission for Relief Sent wheat to Europeans

War Bonds

the “Big Four” leaders Britain:David Lloyd Georges France:George Clemenceau U.S.: Woodrow Wilson Italy:Vittorio Orlando Germany:Wilhelm II

Wilson Orlando Lloyd Georges Clemenceau

League of Nations International organization to work out disputes between countries to prevent future wars Weakness: didn’t have a military

1.Germany would lose land -its colonies -to create Poland -to France for areas they had taken over before the war Treaty of Versailles

2. Germany had to pay reparations, France wanted immediate payment of $5 billion and later billed Germany for an additional $32 billion. Treaty of Versailles

3. Germany to reduce its military Treaty of Versailles

Four Empires Fell German: Poland Austria-Hungary: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia Ottoman: Jordan, Syria, Palestine, Iraq Russian: Finland, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia

Resulted in countries under foreign rule Austrians under Italian rule Germans (in the Sudetenland) under Czech rule Germans (to the east) under Polish rule Hungarians under Romanian rule