26.2 A New Kind of War Objective: We will explore the new warfare tactics used, and the effects this had on populations of the world.

Quiz 1-3 FIB 4/5 M 1). During WW1 Russia was a member of the ____ 2). Trenches were prominent on the_____ front. 3). Government control of the press______ 4). The British agent who was sent to defeat the Ottomans in the Middle East 5). Creator of the German military plan for WWI. A. Steuben F. Schlieffen B. Ferdinand G. Bismarck C. Lawrence

Verdun and Somme 1916 Around 698,000 deaths (French and German) at Verdun At Somme – Britain lost 60,000 in one day Total estimated casualties: 420,000 British, 200,000 French, and 500,000 Germans at Somme These battles show the futility of this “new kind of war” What new types of warfare made this possible?

Western Front Germans sweep through France towards Paris. First Battle of the Marne drives Germans back. Schleiffen Plan no longer an option. Russia now invades and Germany fighting 2 fronts.

noviomagus.tripod.com TRENCH WARFARE

Trench Warfare Started along Western Front for protection and because they were outnumbered. W/ modern tech. Small numbers could hold out. “Race to the Sea” Life in trenches What was “No Man’s Land”? Casualties

ARTILLERY

Tanks First used during the Battle of the Somme (British Mark 1 Tank) 1916 Designed to break stalemates and cross “no man’s land”

WAR IN THE AIR: Zeppelins & Biplanes

GAS Germans first use chlorine gas at Ypres in 1915 Allies retaliate Delivered by artillery TYPES: Chlorine Gas (Phosgene) Mustard Gas

Chemical Warfare -Choking agents (chlorine/phosgene) -Blister agents (mustard) -Irritants (tear gas) also used

MACHINE GUN Machine Guns - European

Naval Warfare

Question In which ways as warfare affected by new technology?

Eastern Front German/Russian border Nationalistic fighting w/Russians and Serbs vs. Austria, Germany, Ottoman Empire. Repeated offensives by both sides led to massive casualties. Tannenberg is example. 10,000 of 150,000 escaped

Russia Continuous lack of supplies for troops Germans/Ottomans blocked naval support. What did Russia do for the allies? Didn’t allow Germany to use full force in the West. Lost massive amounts of men, continued to recruit and lose more. Leads to domestic problems. World War spreads to Africa and Asia.

Global War Japan and Italy join Allies, widening conflict. Gallipoli campaign looked to take the Dardanelles ( ). Allies suffered over 250,000 casualties, disaster.

Japanese Expansion

Around the World T.E. Lawrence and Britain topple Ottoman cities.T.E. Lawrence and Britain topple Ottoman cities Allies took German colonies in Africa Colonial subjects fighting for allies.Colonial subjects fighting for allies

Quiz 1). Many believed that the war would take approximately how long? 2). What is a total war? 3). The Eastern Front was the Germans battling which Entente power? 4). The dominant tactic of fighting on the Western front was called ____ warfare. 5). LIST ONE NEW technology that was used in war for the first time in WWI?

The U.S. Enters Unrestricted submarine warfare bc of blockade and Lusitania. Last straw was Zimmerman note. April 2, 1917 Wilson and Congress declare war. Doughboys bring new energy/money/resources to the fight.

Unterseeboot

Lusitania warning Though New York newspapers carried warnings from the German embassy about the dangers of transatlantic travel, the passengers who boarded the Lusitania on May 1, 1915, probably did not imagine themselves in serious danger from submarine attack. The ship was sunk on May 7. Of the 1,959 passengers and crewmembers, 1,198 died, including 128 Americans. (Cobb Heritage Centre, England; photo by Larry O. Nighswander/NGS) Lusitania warning Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Great War Sacrifices Government responsibilities increase in desperate times: “Total War” for European governments. Economy revolved around war needs. Led to rationing. Government control of press=Propaganda.

Quiz 1). Russian loss on the eastern front 2). Accounted for majority of deaths in WWI 3). First battle of WWI and allied victory 4). Efforts of governments to excite population for war. 5). FIB: Type of warfare on western front A.Machine GunE. Airplanes B.Transportation F. Strong Leadership C.MarneG. Tannenberg D.Ottoman EmpireH. Propaganda

Turning the Tide of War

Demise of Central Powers German “Ludendorff Offensive” fails at 2 nd Marne. Why? Fresh American, French, Moroccan forces

US Tanks after Marne 2

THE COLLAPSE OF GERMANY Nov. 3, 1918: German sailors mutiny Nov : Berlin rebels The Kaiser flees to the Netherlands CEASEFIRE: 11 th hour, 11 th day, 11 th month FINAL TOLL: 4 years of fighting, involving 30 nations 26 million dead ( half are civilians) 20 million wounded 10 million refugees COST= $350,000,000,000