Wednesday 11/30/11 RAP With the person next to you please take 5 minutes to create a political cartoon on something from Ch. 10.3—reasons for unrest… Today 1.RAP 2.PPT Revolution causes and effects

How to create a political cartoon. –Elements of a political Cartoon A message/point of view about a person/subject/or event Two or more of the following: –Caricature- distorting or exaggerating a person’s physical features –Stereotyping- showing all persons of one group as looking or acting the same –Symbols – using a sign or an object to stand for something else, such as an elephant for the Republican Party –Labels-using written words to identify elements of the cartoon –Exaggeration – portraying a situation as “larger than life” –Humor – poking fun at a situation.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Causes of the American Revolution Taxation - Britain tried to recoup the cost of the French and Indian War from the colonies but denied them a place in parliament. This “taxation without representation” was deeply resented. (Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Declaratory Act) Colonial trade- Britain tried to restrict commerce between the North American states and other trading partners. (Navigation Acts) A ban on expansion- The colonists resented a British prohibition on expanding into the West. (Northwest Ordinance) Religious differences -Many colonists were dissenters who came to America to find religious freedom. The established position of the Anglican Church was seen as a threat. Propaganda -Pro-independence patriots influenced public opinion against British rule. (Thomas Paine-Common Sense)

Declaration of War After the Second Continental Congress, wrote the Declaration of Independence and adopted it on July 4 th, 1776, war was inevitable with the British. A major turning point -- Saratoga, NY in October, 1777 with a British defeat. –inspired the Americans –Persuaded the French to come in on the American side. –Spain followed in 1779, giving the colonists a much needed naval force. In October 1781, British army to surrender at Yorktown, Virginia. In 1783 the British and Americans met in France to sign a peace agreement —the British recognizing the American independence.

Key Figures of the American Revolution: Colonists John Adams ( ) –Influential drafting the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. –negotiated the Treaty of Paris, and served as the second U.S. president ( ).

Key Figures Benjamin Franklin ( ) –A printer, publisher, scientist, and statesman, Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Independence. –He enlisted French help for the colonists and negotiated the Treaty of Paris.

Key Figures: Colonists Thomas Jefferson ( ) –A wealthy Virginia planter and statesman, Jefferson was the main author of the Declaration of Independence. –He was the third president of the U.S. ( ) –He purchased the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803.

Key Figures: Colonies Thomas Paine ( ) –Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense (1776) turned American opinion towards independence. –His The Rights of Man (1791) was a seminal text for revolutionaries.

Key Figures: Colonies Paul Revere ( ) –A Boston silversmith and printer. Revere warned of the British approach to Lexington and Concord in April 1775.

Key Figures: Colonies George Washington ( ) –Washington commanded the Continental Armies, driving the British from Boston in 1776 and forcing their final surrender at Yorktown. –He was elected to be first U.S. president in 1789.

Key Figures: British Marquis of Cornwallis ( ) –Cornwallis was the British commander in South Carolina. –After initial successes, he moved north and was isolated and defeated at Yorktown in 1781.

Key Figures: British Lord North ( ) –North was British prime minister from –He tried to appease the colonists, but George III prevented him from compromising during the war.

EFFECTS of the American Revolution A new constitution- –the colonists drafted a constitution based on Enlightenment principles. (Magna Carta, Locke-social contract based on sovereignty, Montesquieu-separation of powers; Rousseau-natural rights; petition of right) –By 1790, the U.S. was the most democratic nation in the world. Liberalization- –The Anglican Church in America was separated from the state, and freedom of worship was guaranteed. –Slavery was gradually abolished in Northern States. Expansion of the U.S.- –U.S. settlements gradually pushed west into Indian territory. Revolutionary ideas- –The American experience showed for the first time in modern history that revolt against the old order could be successful-an idea that inspired revolutions in France (1789) and later in South America.