USHC-2 The Student will demonstrate an understanding of the establishment of the United States as a new nation.

Revising the Articles of Confederation Spring 1787 Rhode Island did not attend –Could not be amended New plan had to be written

Constitutional Convention Compromises Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan –V–Virginia Plan based on Population –N–New Jersey Plan wanted equal votes for states –G–Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) Bicameral legislature Slave vs. Free states –3–3/5 ths Compromise 3/5 ths for representation and taxation, but no taxes levied –2–20 years compromise on the issue of slavery Ended the slave trade in 1808

Fears of Federation Addressed Many people (Like Jefferson) felt that the new constitution gave the government to much power. Certain aspects were addressed by: –Checks and Balances –Congress is strongest part of government. –Presidents have 4 year terms –Electoral College

Ratification State Conventions Federalists- Supporters Anti-Federalists-Wanted stronger state governments Federalists Papers- Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison Bill of Rights Demanded

Bill Of Rights Gave specific rights to citizens Limited the power of the Government. Helped satisfy the Anti-Federalists

Review of What You Should Already Know

Current Government Executive

Current Government Legislative

Current Government Judicial

Line of Succession

Early American Leaders John Adams Served as Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress Helped draft the Declaration of Independence Helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris, which ended the American War of Independence Served as vice president under George Washington President of the United States.

Early American Leaders Thomas Jefferson Served as a delegate to the Second Continental Congress Drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence Served as secretary of state under George Washington Served as vice president under John Adams President of the United States.

Early American Leaders Alexander Hamilton The first secretary of the treasury. New York delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 Fought for a very strong Federal Government One of the authors of The Federalist Papers, 1788

State Constitutions States change from Charters to Constitutions Strong Legislative Branch

Economic Crisis British cut off Trade (short term) Depression Shay’s Rebellion –Farmers march on courts –Rich want strong federation –Farmers fear strong federation

Early American Leaders John Marshall Served in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1799, to June 7, 1800 Secretary of State from June 6, 1800, to March 4, 1801 Chief Justice of the United States, serving from February 4, 1801, until his death in He established that the courts are entitled to exercise judicial review, the power to strike down laws that violate the Constitution.

MARBURY v. MADISON The Supreme Court Ruled that Judiciary Act of 1801was unconstitutional. Established Judicial Review Helped to solidify Checks and Balances