Chapter 8 Securing the Republic, 1790–1815

 Please answer the following quesiton in your binder:  Who do you think was the better president?  John Adams  Thomas Jefferson  Why? WARM UP

 The Election of 1796:  Washington decides to retire  *Farwell Address  First contested election!  John Adams  Thomas Jefferson  John Adams  Brilliant, but disliked by almost everyone THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY

 The “Reign of Witches”  Alien and Sedition Acts  AWFUL!  Jefferson likened them to the Salem Witch Trials!  The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions:  Criticized the acts as a violation of the First Amendment  These states decided not to follow the federal law THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY

 The “Revolution of 1800”:  Thomas Jefferson and the Democractic- Republicans take over  Peaceful Transfer of Power! THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Map 8.1 The Presidential Election 1800

 Slavery and Politics:  Slavery lurked in the background of debates in the 1790s.  Jefferson was elected only because he received all of the South’s electoral college votes.  Jeffersonian liberty rested on the fact that three-fifths of the slaves were counted in apportionment.  If it had been otherwise, Adams would have been re-elected in  The first Congress received petitions for the abolition of slavery, including one signed by Benjamin Franklin. Madison and other political leaders, even though they found slavery distasteful, believed that it was too divisive to be made in issue in national politics, and they ignored the petitions. THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY

 The Haitian Revolution:  Haiti declares independence from France  Inspired American slaves to seek independence  Gabriel’s Rebellion:  1800 also saw a slave revolt in America, led by Gabriel Prosser, a Virginia slave.  Plotting to kill whites on the way to Richmond, where they would hold government officials hostage and demand the abolition of slavery, the slave rebels were discovered, arrested, and many of them executed.  They were inspired:  American Rev and George Washington  The result:  Harsh slave laws in VA. THE ADAMS PRESIDENCY

 Announcements/ Housekeeping:  Unit 3 Exam & DBQ #2:  Wednesday 11/6 & 11/7  DBQ IN CLASS!  Review Sheet  Complete Poster Activity:  Complete construction  Take notes  Notes on Jefferson’s Presidency  HW: in GML! AGENDA

 Bkgd  3 rd President   Vowed to:  Reduce gov’t  Promote free trade  Ensure freedom of religion and the press  “avoid entangling alliances”  Judicial Review:  Marbury v. Madison (1803)  Established the right of the S.C. to determine whether an act of Congress violates the Constitution:  Judicial Review  Also extended to state laws JEFFERSON IN POWER

 The Louisiana Purchase:  Acquired from France in 1800  Stretches from Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains  Cost = $15,000,000  Sold due to French loss in the Haitian Revolution  Doubled the nations size  Supported agrarian values JEFFERSON IN POWER

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Map 8.2 The Louisiana Purchase

 Lewis and Clark:  Soon after purchasing Louisiana, TJ deployed two fellow Virginians to explore it:  Meriwether Lewis  William Clark  Mission = find a commercial route to the Pacific Ocean  Incorporating Louisiana:  Difficult  Deep rooted Spanish and French customs  Slaves in LA had limited rights prior; however, after U.S. took over, this changed. JEFFERSON IN POWER

 The Barbary Wars:  U.S. depended on many goods from Europe  Manufactured goods  Jefferson had hoped to avoid “becoming entangled in Europe’s wars”  This ultimately did not happen  Jefferson was first president to use U.S. military to fight in war:  Barbary Wars  Protect U.S. shipping interests in the Mediterranean JEFFERSON IN POWER

 The Embargo:  War b/t France & Britain resumed in 1803  Blockades by both sides  British impressment of American sailors  Jefferson retaliated – Embargo  Prohibited all American ships from sailing to foreign ports  Essentially shut down American exports  Did not affect Britain or France  1809 – Jefferson signed the Non- Intercourse Act:  Banned trade with only Britain and France  Promised a resumption of trae with either nation if it ended its ban on American shipping JEFFERSON IN POWER