Tuesday April 23 rd 2013 QU: What sources of nonrenewable energy are you aware of? OBJ: Energy History, Fossil Fuel Activity If 10,000 schools turned off their lights for one minute it could save $81,885.

Thursday April 25 th 2013 QU: What is energy? Homework due Monday OBJ: Energy Notes and Fossil Fuel Efficiency

What is energy? Capacity to do work or transfer heat –Work is only done when something is moved

Brief history of Energy Use Scavengers/Hunter-Gatherers –Discovery of fire Farmers –Domesticated animals –Wind and Water Industrial Society –Non renewable resources 300 fold increase in energy needs

Nonrenewable Resources Natural Resource Called fossil fuels –Remains of ancient organisms Supply limited Retrieving = environmental damage

Energy Use and the Industrial Revolution Machinery replaced muscle power between 1760 and 1800 Transition from Wood to Coal % Wood -10% Coal 1860-Oil production % Wood -70% Coal -10% Oil % Coal -40% Oil -18% Natural Gas % Coal -25% Natural Gas -20% Oil

Time line of energy usage Ancient times Wood Coal Oil Population size vs Industrialization Time Population size Industrialization Why do you think the transition was made from wood to coal to oil?

Energy Quality Measure of energy to do useful work –High-quality High temp heat, burning natural gas, coal –Low quality Amount of heat stored in the Atlantic Ocean

Energy Efficiency Measure of how much useful work is accomplished by an input of energy –In US only 16% of energy is converted into useful work –84% is wasted

Why so many different types? 4 main uses –Transportation, heating/cooling, electricity, manufacturing Suitability depends on –Fuels energy content, cost, availability, safety, and byproducts of use

What types of energy do we use? Almost all of our energy used to heat is from the SUN BUT Most Commercial Energy… –Comes from extracting and burning nonrenewable resources

Energy Use in Today’s Society Four Major Uses of Energy 1. Residential and Commercial US-15%; air conditioning, fridge, heating 2. Industrial US-25% 3. Transportation US-25% US uses 10% of global oil production on cars—rest of world-7% 4. Electricity US-35%

Energy Use Over Forty Years 1. chartchart

Friday April 26 th 2013 QU: What are the four major uses of energy in today's society? OBJ: Work on Project, Short explanation of bibliography “In a single human cell there are over coded messages known as genes”

Monday April 29 th 2013 QU: Which type of energy was the most efficient? How did you know? OBJ: Over tests, Efficiency, Energy Use

Fossil Fuel Usage Are we using our fossil fuels efficiently?

Why not? While the use of oil for heat is long- established, heating by natural gas is a more recent social development. Oil is much more stable than natural gas: It does not carry as much of a risk for leakage and explosions. BUT oil produces more pollutants. Cost of Nat. Gas is decreasing but coal is more cost efficient.

Uses of Natural Gas Natural gas is used to produce steel, glass, paper, clothing, brick, electricity etc. –Products that use natural gas as a raw material are: paints, fertilizer, plastics, antifreeze, dyes, photographic film, medicines, and explosives. Slightly more than half of the homes in the US use natural gas as main heating fuel. –Natural gas is also used in homes to fuel stoves, water heaters, clothes dryers, and other household appliances.