1 UIUC ATMOS 397G Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change Lecture 6: Earth System / Modeling Don Wuebbles Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois, Urbana, IL February 4, 2003

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5 UIUC Change in Ozone (%) during June for a fleet of HSCT type aircraft with a cruise altitude of km, a total fuel 146 Mlbs/day and EI(NOx)=20 g/kg of fuel. UIUC 2-D Model (Dutta et al., 2003)

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7 UIUC Modeling Air Quality

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9 UIUC The Lithosphere

10 UIUC Plate Tectonics

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13 UIUC Modeling the Earth System

14 UIUC Types of Models Box Model(s) Reservoirs / pools Fluxes Chemistry or other processes within a reservoir 1-D Model 2-D Model 3-D Model

15 UIUC Flows in a Generalized Biogeochemical Cycle

16 UIUC Generalized Global Carbon Cycle

17 UIUC Box Model of the Global Carbon Cycle

18 UIUC Modeling the Carbon Cycle

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20 UIUC Modeled Flux of CO2 at Air-Sea Interface

21 UIUC Modeling the Nitrogen Cycle What’s missing?

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23 UIUC Box Model of the Nitrogen Cycle

24 UIUC Modeling the Phosphorous Cycle

25 UIUC Grid Structure: 3-D Ocean Model

26 UIUC Definitions within the model grid. A i,j,k are signed box surfaces. Due to the irregular grid, boxes can have more than 6 surfaces. This is important for the setup of the advection/diffusion matrix. Horizontal and vertical velocities are defined at the corresponding surface, whereas concentrations are defined in the center of a box