How systems depend on CARBON and CHEMICAL ENERGY

What happens to a fuel when it burns?

Using Molecular Models 1.Make models of an ethanol molecule (C 2 H 5 OH) and about 5 oxygen molecules (O 2, with a double bond) 2.The heat of the flame breaks the bonds in the molecules, so they can come apart, so take your molecules back apart. 3.Now they can recombine into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water vapor (H 2 O). Make as many of these molecules as you can? 4.Figure out numbers of molecules: a)How many O 2 molecules do you need to combine with one ethanol molecule? b)How many CO 2 and H 2 O molecules are produced by burning one molecule? 5.Write the chemical equation for the combustion reaction: C 2 H 5 OH + ? O 2  ? CO 2 + ? H 2 O

ZOOMING INTO A

What’s the hidden chemical change when alcohol burns? Driving question

Ethanol burning water carbon dioxide Ethanol oxygen Heat energy (in the air) water carbon dioxide Ethanol oxygen Before burning After burning Predictions for change in mass When ethanol burns, what happens to it and the things it needs to burn? Mass of ethanol will decrease Heat energy (in the air) Expressive form of Process Tool

Ethanol burning Material identity and transformation Matter Energy Energy forms and transformation Matter Movement All filters Analyzing Filters Atomic molecular Cellular Macroscopic Large scale scales Analyze ethanol burning by filters at macroscopic scale

Movement of ethanol burning at macroscopic world scales Material identity and transformation Matter Energy Energy forms and transformation Matter Movement All filters Analyzing Filters Back to blank Atomic molecular Cellular Macroscopic Large scale

Ethanol burning scales Energy transformation of ethanol burning at macroscopic world Chemical energy Heat energy Material identity and transformation Matter Energy Energy forms and transformation Matter Movement All filters Analyzing Filters Back to blank Light and heat energy Atomic molecular Cellular Macroscopic Large scale

Ethanol burning water carbon dioxide Ethanol oxygen (From flame to air ) (From air to flame ) (from wick (liquid) to flame (vapor)) scales Matter transformation of ethanol burning at macroscopic world Material identity and transformation Matter Energy Energy forms and transformation Matter Movement All filters Analyzing Filters Back to blank Atomic molecular Cellular Macroscopic Large scale

Ethanol burning water carbon dioxide Ethanol oxygen (From flame to air ) (From air to flame ) (from wick (liquid) to flame (vapor)) Heat energy (in the air) scales Transformation of ethanol burning at macroscopic world Light and heat energy Chemical energy Back to blank Material identity and transformation Matter Energy Energy forms and transformation Matter Movement All filters Analyzing Filters Atomic molecular Cellular Macroscopic Large scale

The bottom of flame at atomic-molecular world Ethanol vapor Ethanol mixed with air

The top of flame at atomic-molecular world Air with less O 2, more CO 2 and H 2 O vapor Ethanol mixed with air

What happened between the bottom and the top of the flame? Bottle of the flame Top of the flame

Energy formsEnergy movement Energy Transformation Material identity Matter Energy Energy forms and transformation Matter transformation All filters Analyzing Filters scales Analyze ethanol burning by filters at atomic molecular scale Atomic molecular Cellular Macroscopic Large scale

H 2 O CO 2 O2O2 C 2 H 5 OH Energy formsEnergy movement Energy Transformation scales Matter transformation of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world Back to blank Material identity Matter Energy Energy forms and transformation Matter transformation All filters Analyzing Filters Atomic molecular Cellular Macroscopic Large scale

scales Matter movement of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world Back to blank O2O2 C 2 H 5 OH H 2 O CO 2 Material identity Matter Energy Energy forms and transformation Matter transformation All filters Analyzing Filters Atomic molecular Cellular Macroscopic Large scale

H 2 O CO 2 Heat energy (Move to the air ) O2O2 C 2 H 5 OH Energy formsEnergy movement Energy Transformation scales Transformation of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world Chemical energy (stored in bonds) Light and heat energy Back to blank Material identity Matter Energy Energy forms and transformation Matter transformation All filters Analyzing Filters Atomic molecular Cellular Macroscopic Large scale Next slide

Heat energy (Move to the air ) scales Energy transformation of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world Chemical energy (stored in bonds) Light and heat energy Back to blank Material identity Matter Energy Energy forms and transformation Matter transformation All filters Analyzing Filters Atomic molecular Cellular Macroscopic Large scale

Five Practices for Finding Chemical Change in Life and Lifestyles PracticeWhat to NoticePrinciple or Rule to Follow The Materials Practice: Identify the materials that are changing: Reactants and products Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and living and dead organisms Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor Conservation of matter: Chemical changes do not create or destroy matter; the amount of matter is the same in reactants and products The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of reactants and products All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases all have mass Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical energy do not have mass Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do not change mass; the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products The Subsystems Practice: Find out what is happening in subsystems at the microscopic scale (cells) and the atomic- molecular scale (atoms and molecules) Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H bonds Inorganic molecules, including CO 2, H 2 O, and O 2 Conservation of atoms: Chemical changes rearrange atoms into new molecules, but they do not create or destroy atoms The Energy Practice: Find out how energy is transformed in the event Chemical energy stored in the C-C and C- H bonds of organic molecules Other forms of energy, including light, work (motion), and heat Conservation of energy: Chemical changes transform energy without changing the total amount of energy, BUT some energy is always changed into heat that cannot be reused The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the event fits in large-scale systems, including ecosystems and human energy systems Movement of carbon from pools of organic materials to inorganic materials and back again Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical energy to work and heat Matter cycles: carbon and other elements cycle between organic and inorganic materials Energy flows: sunlight is converted to chemical energy, then to work and heat

Does your explanation conserve matter? PracticeWhat to NoticePrinciple or Rule to Follow The Materials Practice: Identify the materials that are changing: Reactants and products Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and living and dead organisms Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor Conservation of matter: Chemical changes do not create or destroy matter; the amount of matter is the same in reactants and products The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of reactants and products All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases all have mass Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical energy do not have mass Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do not change mass; the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products The Subsystems Practice: Find out what is happening in subsystems at the microscopic scale (cells) and the atomic-molecular scale (atoms and molecules) Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H bonds Inorganic molecules, including CO 2, H 2 O, and O 2 Conservation of atoms: Chemical changes rearrange atoms into new molecules, but they do not create or destroy atoms The Energy Practice: Find out how energy is transformed in the event Chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H bonds of organic molecules Other forms of energy, including light, work (motion), and heat Conservation of energy: Chemical changes transform energy without changing the total amount of energy, BUT some energy is always changed into heat that cannot be reused The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the event fits in large-scale systems, including ecosystems and human energy systems Movement of carbon from pools of organic materials to inorganic materials and back again Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical energy to work and heat Matter cycles: carbon and other elements cycle between organic and inorganic materials Energy flows: sunlight is converted to chemical energy, then to work and heat

Does your explanation conserve atoms? PracticeWhat to NoticePrinciple or Rule to Follow The Materials Practice: Identify the materials that are changing: Reactants and products Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and living and dead organisms Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor Conservation of matter: Chemical changes do not create or destroy matter; the amount of matter is the same in reactants and products The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of reactants and products All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases all have mass Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical energy do not have mass Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do not change mass; the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products The Subsystems Practice: Find out what is happening in subsystems at the microscopic scale (cells) and the atomic-molecular scale (atoms and molecules) Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H bonds Inorganic molecules, including CO 2, H 2 O, and O 2 Conservation of atoms: Chemical changes rearrange atoms into new molecules, but they do not create or destroy atoms The Energy Practice: Find out how energy is transformed in the event Chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H bonds of organic molecules Other forms of energy, including light, work (motion), and heat Conservation of energy: Chemical changes transform energy without changing the total amount of energy, BUT some energy is always changed into heat that cannot be reused The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the event fits in large-scale systems, including ecosystems and human energy systems Movement of carbon from pools of organic materials to inorganic materials and back again Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical energy to work and heat Matter cycles: carbon and other elements cycle between organic and inorganic materials Energy flows: sunlight is converted to chemical energy, then to work and heat

Does your explanation conserve energy? PracticeWhat to NoticePrinciple or Rule to Follow The Materials Practice: Identify the materials that are changing: Reactants and products Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and living and dead organisms Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor Conservation of matter: Chemical changes do not create or destroy matter; the amount of matter is the same in reactants and products The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of reactants and products All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases all have mass Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical energy do not have mass Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do not change mass; the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products The Subsystems Practice: Find out what is happening in subsystems at the microscopic scale (cells) and the atomic-molecular scale (atoms and molecules) Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H bonds Inorganic molecules, including CO 2, H 2 O, and O 2 Conservation of atoms: Chemical changes rearrange atoms into new molecules, but they do not create or destroy atoms The Energy Practice: Find out how energy is transformed in the event Chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H bonds of organic molecules Other forms of energy, including light, work (motion), and heat Conservation of energy: Chemical changes transform energy without changing the total amount of energy, BUT some energy is always changed into heat that cannot be reused The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the event fits in large-scale systems, including ecosystems and human energy systems Movement of carbon from pools of organic materials to inorganic materials and back again Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical energy to work and heat Matter cycles: carbon and other elements cycle between organic and inorganic materials Energy flows: sunlight is converted to chemical energy, then to work and heat

Burning materials Methane Butane Ethanol Propane Octane

The End