Extraterrestrial Life Antígona Segura Peralta Penn State University, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences Penn State Astrobiology Research Center.

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Presentation transcript:

Extraterrestrial Life Antígona Segura Peralta Penn State University, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences Penn State Astrobiology Research Center

They do exist!

Astrobiology Astrobiology is the science that studies the origin, evolution and distribution of life in the Universe

The origin of life on Earth 4 billion years ago

What does life need?  Raw materials: hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and minerals like iron and sulfur.  Energy: Sun, volcanoes  A liquid: Water

Planets, the perfect place  They contain raw materials  Energy sources  They can have liquid water

Our Solar System Mercury Venus EarthMars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto

The terrestrial planets Very near the Sun Very hot because its atmosphere No atmosphere, cold but… Mercury Venus Mars

Mars today

Mars, an interesting past Ancient volcanoes Ancient rivers?

Mars might be like this

Little martian?

The giant planets Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Europa, Jupiter’s moon

Europa

Milky Way 100 billion of stars!

Where the stars are born Molecular cloud

Formation of stars and planets Beta Pictoris, a newborn star

Formation of stars and planets Beta Pictoris disk (artist conception)

Extrasolar planets

The life of the stars Yellow dwarf 10 billion years Red Giant Panetary nebula and white dwarf

The life of the stars Blue giants Supernova Supernova remmanent and neutron star 100 million years

A habitable world Characteristics:  Distance from its star, not too far, not too close  Size, not too big, not too small  Atmosphere to keep the planet warm and water liquid  Water

Biomarkers Those features whose presence or abundance can be attributed to life

Signatures of life?

Small things can make big changes Cyanobacteria

How to find a planet? Problem: The stars emit light (a lot!) and planets doesn’t, they just reflect the light from their parent star. How to solve it?  Cover the star!!!!  Measure the effects of the planets on the stars:  Stars wobble because of the planets  Stars dim when a planet crosses in fron of them

Looking for habitable worlds Kepler:  Look for terrestrial planets around 100,000 stars.  Launch on 2006.

Looking for habitable worlds Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF):  Look for terrestrial planets around 100 nearby stars.  Analyze the planets to detect those that may be habitable  Launching on

Looking for habitable worlds Eddington:  Looking for planets bigger than Mars around 500,000 stars.  Launching on 2008.

Darwin:  Look for terrestrial planets around 1,000.  Launching after Looking for habitable worlds

Intelligent life? Arecibo Antenna, Puerto Rico Globular Cluster M13

The Pioneer mesage

Voyager

SETI: Search for extraterrestrial life Allen array Project Phoenix

A habitable world

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