TAWS Improved Functionality Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) Safety Enhancement, SE-120 Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) Safety Enhancement, SE-120

Worldwide Fleet Classic airplanes – typically equipped with electro- mechanical flight instruments, basic navigation (VOR, DME, ADF and possibly GPS Navigation (FMS)) Standard airplanes – multi-sensor RNAV Flight Management Systems (FMS), Electronic Flight Instruments and Electronic Map Displays (Triple INS rather than GPS) Advanced airplanes – standard airplanes with advanced navigation (GPS sensors and RNP capabilities) Classic airplanes – typically equipped with electro- mechanical flight instruments, basic navigation (VOR, DME, ADF and possibly GPS Navigation (FMS)) Standard airplanes – multi-sensor RNAV Flight Management Systems (FMS), Electronic Flight Instruments and Electronic Map Displays (Triple INS rather than GPS) Advanced airplanes – standard airplanes with advanced navigation (GPS sensors and RNP capabilities)

Background British Mediterranean A320 Addis Ababa –Effect of map shift on TAWS –Highlighted benefit of TAWS with GPS to ensure TAWS alerts and terrain display are accurate US Airways 757 La Guardia –Near CFIT into building –Highlighted benefit of obstacle alerting Fed Ex 727 Tallahassee –Landed short –Highlighted need for improvements to terrain clearance floor alerting algorithm. British Mediterranean A320 Addis Ababa –Effect of map shift on TAWS –Highlighted benefit of TAWS with GPS to ensure TAWS alerts and terrain display are accurate US Airways 757 La Guardia –Near CFIT into building –Highlighted benefit of obstacle alerting Fed Ex 727 Tallahassee –Landed short –Highlighted need for improvements to terrain clearance floor alerting algorithm.

Outputs Output 1 –Establish, as appropriate, standard operating procedures (SOP’s) that advise flight crews of possible increased risk of operating into areas with limited ground based navigation aids –Match policies with aircraft capability and NVAID environment. Output 2 –Manufacturers install GPS sensors as standard equipment in all current production airplanes and new type designs. Output 1 –Establish, as appropriate, standard operating procedures (SOP’s) that advise flight crews of possible increased risk of operating into areas with limited ground based navigation aids –Match policies with aircraft capability and NVAID environment. Output 2 –Manufacturers install GPS sensors as standard equipment in all current production airplanes and new type designs.

Outputs Output 3 –Install GPS capability on all “Standard” airplanes. As a minimum, modify TAWS to GPS TAWS –Note: “Classic” airplanes are currently equipped with GPS TAWS –GPS TAWS ensures that TAWS terrain display and alerts, remain accurate when operating with minimal navigation aids. (No dual DME or poor ground bases navaid reliability) Output 4 –Operators establish procedures to ensure TAWS terrain databases are updated. Output 3 –Install GPS capability on all “Standard” airplanes. As a minimum, modify TAWS to GPS TAWS –Note: “Classic” airplanes are currently equipped with GPS TAWS –GPS TAWS ensures that TAWS terrain display and alerts, remain accurate when operating with minimal navigation aids. (No dual DME or poor ground bases navaid reliability) Output 4 –Operators establish procedures to ensure TAWS terrain databases are updated.

Outputs Output 5 –AIA, ATA, RAA, NACA and operators establish procedures to review and agree on TAWS manufacturers' recommended updates. –Match policies with aircraft capability and NVAID environment. Output 6 –AIA, ATA, RAA, NACA and operators establish procedures to review optional/selectable TAWS features not used by an operator and agree on those features that would enhance CFIT protection of their operation. Output 5 –AIA, ATA, RAA, NACA and operators establish procedures to review and agree on TAWS manufacturers' recommended updates. –Match policies with aircraft capability and NVAID environment. Output 6 –AIA, ATA, RAA, NACA and operators establish procedures to review optional/selectable TAWS features not used by an operator and agree on those features that would enhance CFIT protection of their operation.

Summary Overall 2007 risk reduction does not change. Will improve 2020 and worldwide risk reduction. SE-120 helps ensure the predicted effectiveness of SE-1, SE-6, SE-7 and SE-8. CAST is expected to add SE-120 to the approved CAST action plan. CAST will monitor implementation and effectiveness in North America. Overall 2007 risk reduction does not change. Will improve 2020 and worldwide risk reduction. SE-120 helps ensure the predicted effectiveness of SE-1, SE-6, SE-7 and SE-8. CAST is expected to add SE-120 to the approved CAST action plan. CAST will monitor implementation and effectiveness in North America.

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