Surveillance and Control Procedures for West Nile Virus Vectors Near Naval Installations in the Eastern United States CDR K.J. Stein & CDR D.M. Claborn DVECC JAX Jacksonville, FL February 10, 2004
Objectives 1.Develop local WNV surveillance and control that mirrors regional programs 2.To incorporate survey data into NDVECC JAX surveillance and control plan 3.To extend our knowledge with regard to mosquito IPM/abatement programs
Navy Installations in NDVECC JAX AOR 1. NAS Jacksonville, FL 2. NAVSTA Mayport, FL 3. NAS New Orleans, LA 4. NSA New Orleans, LA 5. NCBC Gulfport, LA 6. NAS Meridian, MS 7. NAVSTA Pascagoula, MS 8. MCAS Cherry Point, NC 9. MCB Camp Lejeune, NC 10. NSY Portsmouth, NH 11. AEGIS CSEDS Moorestown, NJ 12. NAWC Lakehurst, NJ 13. NAS Willow Grove, PA 14. NAVSSES Philadelphia, PA 15. NSA Mechanicsburg, PA 16. NSF Philadelphia, PA 17. NAVSTA Newport, RI 18. NETC Newport, RI 19. NSA MIDSOUTH Memphis, TN 20. AMPHIB Little Creek, VA 21. FCTCLANT Dam Neck, VA 22. NAS Oceana, VA 23. NAVBASE Norfolk, VA 24. NH Portsmouth, VA 25. NSGA NWEST Chesapeake, VA 26. NSY Portsmouth, VA 27. NWS Yorktown, Norfolk, VA
Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest
Mid-Atlantic, South, and Southeast
Survey—Response Plans 44% exceeded response plan criteria 40% matched response plan criteria 8% followed CDC guidance One state did not have a response plan One state contracted its response plan
Survey—Adult Surveillance 68-76% - CDC miniatures baited w/CO and CDC gravid traps 68-76% - CDC miniatures baited w/CO 2 and CDC gravid traps 44% - New Jersey traps 32% - Fay-Prince traps 8% - EVS 4% - Mosquito Magnet
Survey—Adult Decision-Making 52% landing rates or trap thresholds, or both 24% positive pools 12% did not use positive pools 12% did not survey
Survey—Larval Thresholds 24% - larval data--no uniformity among thresholds 16% - larval presence 44% - historical databases and abiotic variables 12% - no larval surveillance
Survey—Decision-Making 92% - dead bird data in their programs 8% - discontinued mosquito testing rely on dead birds 72% - nuisance complaints 28% - sentinel chickens, some discontinued 64% - human serosurvey data 36% - discontinued human serosurveys
Survey—Adult Control 11 permethrin 9 sumithrin 6 resmethrin 5 malathion 5 naled 3 pyrethrin 1 fenthion 4 no insecticide use
Adulticides (%)
Survey Highlights— Larval Control BTI and methoprene - 20 and 13, respectively (granules and dunks) B. sphaericus - 9 Temephos - 4 Oils - 7 Monomolecular films - 3 Gambusia - 2 No larval control but source reduction - 2
Larvicides (%)
Survey Highlights— Management 60% - GIS for mapping birds, mosquito traps, and directing aerial spray programs 32% - did not use GIS 8% - recently acquired GIS
Survey Highlights— Management 84% conducted source reduction: 84% conducted source reduction: ditching, dredging, removing standing water, channelizing swamps, and shredding of used tires 88% relied on public awareness campaigns: 88% relied on public awareness campaigns: community meetings, press releases, radio and TV public service announcements, brochures, and LISTSERVS 8% complained of environmental regulations that interfered with mosquito management
Survey Highlights— Management 1 - Public awareness was major part of IPM 1 - Did not use public awareness 1 - NJ light traps to homeowners 1 - Gambusia to stock in ponds
Survey—Mosquitoes
Conclusion More resources directed towards adults than larvae Three respondents dropping mosquito surveillance and relying on dead birds Dead birds and human serology data Adults - synthetic pyrethroids replacing organophosphates Larvae - microbials and IGRs most popular
Conclusion If WNV is a surrogate for other emerging diseases, we must ensure that current efforts are effective, Conserve techniques that have worked in the past Additional studies that involve feedback and focus on the quantitative aspects of mosquito surveillance and control through time