Surveillance and Control Procedures for West Nile Virus Vectors Near Naval Installations in the Eastern United States CDR K.J. Stein & CDR D.M. Claborn DVECC JAX Jacksonville, FL February 10, 2004

Objectives 1.Develop local WNV surveillance and control that mirrors regional programs 2.To incorporate survey data into NDVECC JAX surveillance and control plan 3.To extend our knowledge with regard to mosquito IPM/abatement programs

Navy Installations in NDVECC JAX AOR 1. NAS Jacksonville, FL 2. NAVSTA Mayport, FL 3. NAS New Orleans, LA 4. NSA New Orleans, LA 5. NCBC Gulfport, LA 6. NAS Meridian, MS 7. NAVSTA Pascagoula, MS 8. MCAS Cherry Point, NC 9. MCB Camp Lejeune, NC 10. NSY Portsmouth, NH 11. AEGIS CSEDS Moorestown, NJ 12. NAWC Lakehurst, NJ 13. NAS Willow Grove, PA 14. NAVSSES Philadelphia, PA 15. NSA Mechanicsburg, PA 16. NSF Philadelphia, PA 17. NAVSTA Newport, RI 18. NETC Newport, RI 19. NSA MIDSOUTH Memphis, TN 20. AMPHIB Little Creek, VA 21. FCTCLANT Dam Neck, VA 22. NAS Oceana, VA 23. NAVBASE Norfolk, VA 24. NH Portsmouth, VA 25. NSGA NWEST Chesapeake, VA 26. NSY Portsmouth, VA 27. NWS Yorktown, Norfolk, VA

Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest

Mid-Atlantic, South, and Southeast

Survey—Response Plans  44% exceeded response plan criteria  40% matched response plan criteria  8% followed CDC guidance  One state did not have a response plan  One state contracted its response plan

Survey—Adult Surveillance  68-76% - CDC miniatures baited w/CO and CDC gravid traps  68-76% - CDC miniatures baited w/CO 2 and CDC gravid traps  44% - New Jersey traps  32% - Fay-Prince traps  8% - EVS  4% - Mosquito Magnet

Survey—Adult Decision-Making  52% landing rates or trap thresholds, or both  24% positive pools  12% did not use positive pools  12% did not survey

Survey—Larval Thresholds  24% - larval data--no uniformity among thresholds  16% - larval presence  44% - historical databases and abiotic variables  12% - no larval surveillance

Survey—Decision-Making  92% - dead bird data in their programs  8% - discontinued mosquito testing rely on dead birds  72% - nuisance complaints  28% - sentinel chickens, some discontinued  64% - human serosurvey data  36% - discontinued human serosurveys

Survey—Adult Control  11 permethrin  9 sumithrin  6 resmethrin  5 malathion  5 naled  3 pyrethrin  1 fenthion  4 no insecticide use

Adulticides (%)

Survey Highlights— Larval Control  BTI and methoprene - 20 and 13, respectively (granules and dunks)  B. sphaericus - 9  Temephos - 4  Oils - 7  Monomolecular films - 3  Gambusia - 2  No larval control but source reduction - 2

Larvicides (%)

Survey Highlights— Management  60% - GIS for mapping birds, mosquito traps, and directing aerial spray programs  32% - did not use GIS  8% - recently acquired GIS

Survey Highlights— Management  84% conducted source reduction:  84% conducted source reduction: ditching, dredging, removing standing water, channelizing swamps, and shredding of used tires  88% relied on public awareness campaigns:  88% relied on public awareness campaigns: community meetings, press releases, radio and TV public service announcements, brochures, and LISTSERVS  8% complained of environmental regulations that interfered with mosquito management

Survey Highlights— Management  1 - Public awareness was major part of IPM  1 - Did not use public awareness  1 - NJ light traps to homeowners  1 - Gambusia to stock in ponds

Survey—Mosquitoes

Conclusion  More resources directed towards adults than larvae  Three respondents dropping mosquito surveillance and relying on dead birds  Dead birds and human serology data  Adults - synthetic pyrethroids replacing organophosphates  Larvae - microbials and IGRs most popular

Conclusion  If WNV is a surrogate for other emerging diseases, we must ensure that current efforts are effective,  Conserve techniques that have worked in the past  Additional studies that involve feedback and focus on the quantitative aspects of mosquito surveillance and control through time