Ethnicity

Ethnicity: Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions (Rubenstein) Ethnicity: affiliation with a group whose racial, cultural, religious, or linguistic characteristics or national origins distinguish it from a larger population within which it is found (Fellman)

Ethnocentrism: a tendency to evaluate other culture’s against the standards of one’s own (Fellman 179)

State Nation Nation – State Nationalism Empire

Races White Black Asian Native American Pacific Islander

Recognized Races by US Census White Black or African Am. Asian American Indian or Native Alaskan Asian Indian Chinese Filipino Japanese Korean Vietnamese Other Asian Native Hawaiian Guamanian or Chamorro Samoan Other Pacific Islander Other race

Distribution of the B blood type allele among humans Using the B blood type for defining races, Australian Aborigines would be lumped together with most Native Americans. Some Africans would be in the same race as Europeans while others would be categorized with Asians.

Other terms Hispanic – from a Spanish-speaking country Latino – from a Latin American country

Hispanic & Latinos can be of any race – Argentina – white Mexico – Native American

Distribution of Ethnicities in US

1. There was no "decline to state" option allowed for "race" designation for the year 2000 Census % of the people who reported that they were "some other race" said that they were also "Hispanic or Latino" in terms of ethnicity. 3. There are 57 possible combinations of 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 races that were allowed. 93% of the people who reported more than one race, reported only two. The most common combination was "white" with some other "race.“ 4. 48% of Hispanics reported that they were "white" and 42% said they were "some other race." RACIAL AND ETHNIC CATEGORIES from 2000 US Census # OF PEOPLE % OF POP. Total U.S. population 281,421, % Race: (see note 1) --- One race 274,595, % --- White211,460, % --- Black or African American34,658, % --- American Indian & Alaska Native2,475,9560.9% --- Asian 10,242,9983.6% --- Native Hawaiian & other Pacific Islander 398, % --- Some other race (see note 2)15,359, % --- Two or more races (see note 3)6,826,2282.4% Ethnicity: (see note 4) --- Hispanic or Latino (of any race)35,305, % --- Not Hispanic or Latino246,116, %

Af-am Reflects migration to north in early 20 th century

His-am

Asia-am

Amerindian, Eskimo, & Aleut

Ethnic groups in US tend to cluster in cities (Rubenstein 222) Why?? –Ravenstein’s Laws

Race in the United States “separate but equal” doctrine – Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 Brown vs. BOE, Topeka KS, 1954 “white flight” – 1950’s-1960’s –Blockbusting – Real Estate Agents encourage white neighbors to sell at a lost, then re-sell higher to African-Americans desperate to escape inner-city

World Examples

Apartheid South Africa – 4 races –White –Black –Mixed white and black (colored) –Asian Each race had different legal status International pressure to end starting in 1970’s Apartheid laws ended in 1991

Belgium Dutch-speaking Flemish French-speaking Walloons Both consider to be Belgian nationality

United Kingdom Multinational –England –Scotland –Wales –Northern Ireland Scotland and Wales have separate elected governments Each have own national soccer teams World Cup 2010 Teams

China

European colonial empires in

Ethnic Conflicts

Recent hotspots of severe racism