What political position did Santa Anna hold? And what kind of leader was he? President 4 times between Switch views on topic in order to get majority of people to support his policies
Why did the Texan colonists encourage a revolt against Mexico? Colonists wanted greater self-government When Mexico refused, Stephen Austin encouraged revolt
What was the result of the Mexican-American War? Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Gave US Northern third of Mexico (Southwestern US and Texas)
What were the goals of La Reforma? Redistribution of Land Separation of church and state Increase educational opportunities
What were two elements of political power and economic success in 19 th century Mexico? Diaz: politically strong dictator Economically better economy for Mexico (though did not help peasants) Benito Juarez: political support, La Reforma movement, creation of infrastructure, separate church and state education, encouraged foreign trade
How was Benito Juarez different than Santa Anna? Santa Anna: Wealthy Creole family; flip-flop views to stay in power Benito Juarez: poor family, worked his way up through the political ranks; stable views resulting in La Reforma movement
How did Juarez rebuild the country? La Reforma movement Separation of church and state (education) Develop telegraph system Creation of roads Open up to foreign trade and investment
What was Diaz’s motto/political slogan? “Order and Progress”
What did Diaz change in Mexico? Made elections pointless (bribery) Expand railroads Built banks Stabilize currency Increase foreign investment However, poor get poorer, rich get richer
Who supported Diaz and why? Military: power reduced and during Juarez Indians and small-landowners: initially supported because thought would work for reform
Why did the conservative upper-class rebel, prompting a 3-year civil war? The reform movement under the leadership of Benito Juarez pushed for policies that would help the poor – the conservative upper-class did not like these policies
Explain the events of the Mexican Civil War? Conservative upper-class along with the French overthrew Juarez and la reforma movement Napoleon II placed archduke Maximillian in power (emperor of Mexico) Expense of the empire in Mexico caused the French to leave and Juarez to retake power
Who were Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata? Lower class revolutionary leaders during the Mexican Revolution Villa working in the north – Robin Hood mentality Zapata in the south – working for land reform
What did Mexico’s constitution promote? Land, religious, labor, and social reform Breakup of large estates, restrictions on foreign investment, government control of resources State takeover of land owned by Church Minimum wage for workers, right to strike, institution of labor unions Equal pay for equal work, some legal rights for women