The Rising Power of European States Section 1 of Ch. 9 Transformations in European Culture

Vocabulary O English Bill of Rights O Glorious Revolution O Absolutism O Absolute Monarchy O Oliver Cromwell O English Civil War

Growing Wealth and Royal Power O European countries colonized the “New World” to enhance wealth and prestige for the mother country O Traded furs, fish, precious metals, tobacco, etc. which brought much wealth. O Royal control and taxation increased royal power

King Louis XIV— “The Sun King” O ( ) O One of the most successful monarchs O Had unlimited power O Subjects were to glorify him O Very extravagant; nearly bankrupts country O Influences many other monarchs

King Louis XIV’s palace

Growing wealth w/o Royal Power O The Dutch Republic O Had no centralized monarch, but built a vast economic empire through world trading. (Known as the Dutch East India Company) O People owned “shares” in the company developing today’s stock market.

Growing Wealth w/ Limited Power O England wanted to limit the power of the king. O England signed the Magna Carta in 1215 setting limits to the king’s power; Parliament est O James I ( ) refused to work with the (already est.) Parliament (trying to take absolute power) O Charles I ( ) (James I’s son) believed the same as his father…but was also a Catholic and tried to force England and Scotland to become Catholic. O This leads to the English Civil War (1642)

English Civil War O B/t Charles I and the people/Parliament of England O Charles I wins for a little while; then Parliament names Oliver Cromwell as leader of the army. O Cromwell defeats Charles I and Parliament has him executed in O Cromwell rules England until his death in 1658 (see Protectorate pg. 158)

After Cromwell dies… O Parliament asks Charles II ( ) (son of Charles I) to be king, but he continues with the same thinking as father and grandfather. (absolutism and Catholicism) O Charles II makes alliances with French king Louis XIV. O Charles II dies in 1685 leaving his brother, James II ( ) to take the throne. (He is also like his father, but is tolerated b/c he is old and had no sons, but then his wife gives birth to a baby boy…dum dum dummmmmm)

The Glorious Revolution O With the birth of a son for James II, Parliament (and the English people) feared a continuing of Catholic rulers. O Parliament asks Mary (daughter of James II) and her husband William to rule (both are protestant). O James II chooses not to fight for the throne and allows William and Mary to rule without any war or bloodshed! (Glorious Revolution!)

Rulers O James I—Wanted absolute power/Catholic O Charles I—wanted absolute power/catholic O Cromwell O Charles II—wanted absolute power/catholic O James II—wanted absolute power/catholic O William and Mary (1688—1702)— protestants/encouraged to sign English Bill of Rights

English Bill of Rights O After W & M take the throne Parliament asks them to sign the English Bill of rights, which sets limits on royal power and secured the basic civil liberties of the English people O It also prevented another Catholic from taking the throne. O England then moves away from a monarchy to a more representative government

Impact of Glorious Revolution O This event is remembered by the English colonists living in America when Parliament and the king begin passing laws they felt violated the English Bill of Rights. O Since there was no bloodshed in 1688, they were hoping that no bloodshed would occur in the 1770’s…However, this was not the case.