The Human World: Political and Economic systems Chapter 4: Section 3

EQ: What types of human systems provide the power for groups of people to control Earth’s surface? OBJ: I will be able to use geographic concepts to analyze spatial phenomena and to discuss economic, political, and social factors that define and interpret space.

Features of government: Levels of Government Most large countries have different levels of government which includes provinces, countries, cities, towns, etc. A Unitary System gives all key powers to the national or central government The United Kingdom and France both developed unitary governments during the late middle ages and early modern times A Federal System divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments Each level of government has sovereignty (power) in some areas The United States developed a federal system after the 13 colonies became independent from Great Britain

Features of Government: Types of governments An Autocracy is any system of government in which the power and authority to rule belong to a single individual The oldest and one of the most common forms of government Some forms of autocracy include totalitarian dictatorship and monarchy An Oligarchy is any system of government in which a small group holds power The small group that rules gets all their power from wealth, military power, social position, or a combination of these elements A Democracy any system of government where leaders rules with the consent of the citizens Power lies with the people When citizens decide on issues, that is known as direct democracy (no national country is a direct democracy)

RECAp! What are the two levels of government that we discussed? What are the definitions of both? What are the three types of government that we discussed? What are the definitions of each one? What type of government does the United States have?

Economic Systems: Traditional economy A Traditional Economy habits or customs determine the rules for all economic activity Behavior is determined by what was done by their elders or ancestors Individuals are not free to make decisions based on what they would like to have

Economic systems: market economy Market Economy refers to when individuals and private groups make decisions about what to produce Based off of free enterprise, which is the idea that private individuals or groups have the right to own property or business and make a profit with little government interference [Also known as capitalism] No country has a pure market economy system The United States has a mixed economy Governments in modern mixed economies influence their economies by spending tax revenues to support social services

Economic systems: Command economy In a Command Economy, the government owns or directs the means of production—land labor, capital (machinery, factories), and business managers— and controls the distribution of goods Goods and services must benefit the majority Public taxes help support services that benefit most people Communism Requires strict government control of the entire society, including the economy One political party – the Communist Party Limited choices

Economic systems: Command economy Socialism Allows wider range of free enterprise Three main goals: Equitable distribution of wealth and economic opportunity Society’s control, through government, of decisions about public goods Public ownership of services and factories that are essential Some socialist countries are democratic socialist Sweden, Denmark,

RECAP! What is a traditional economy? What is a market economy? What is a command economy? What are the two main types of command economies?

CLASSWORK: Chapter 4 Section 3 Review On page 104, answer questions 1-2 and 4-6