literally: “all-consuming fire” The Holocaust literally: “all-consuming fire”

The First Solution 1933-39 Loss of citizenship Dismissal from government service Banning of kosher butchering Jewish lawyers disbarred Jewish doctors forbidden to practice medicine

The First Solution 1933-39 Discrimination

Jewish stores were boycotted

Books which did not support Nazi ideology were burned at public rallies.

A Star of David was placed on Jews to identify them for discrimination.

Kristallnacht (Nov 9 & 10, 1938) Thousands of Jewish businesses, cemeteries and schools were destroyed or vandalized. As many as 2,000 synagogues were burned. And, Jews were blamed. Kristallnacht, and later the German invasion of Poland, led to . . .

The Second Solution 1939-41 Transfer of Jews to ghettos outside Germany Wealthy Jews had to pay for the eviction of Jews from Austria and Czechoslovakia Most were moved to concentration camps in Poland

The Second Solution 1939-41 Segregation

Polish Jews Rounded Up for Relocation

Gold and silver teeth extracted from Jews. Glasses were taken, too. A shrunken head, hung in the middle of Buchenwald concentration camp to terrorize prisoners. Gold and silver teeth extracted from Jews. Glasses were taken, too. The German invasion of Russia, with its millions of Jews, led to . . .

The Final Solution 1941-45 Mobile killing units in the Soviet Union “A more efficient method is needed.” Gas chambers to kill Jews; crematoria or open pits to burn the dead bodies Shoes, gold teeth, hair, tattoos were harvested off the Jews.

6,000,000 Jews were killed in the Holocaust. The Final Solution 1941-45 Annihilation 6,000,000 Jews were killed in the Holocaust.

Einsatzgruppen (SS troops) – Mobile killing units

800,000 victims’ shoes were found at Majdanek death camp in Poland.

Timeline for Nazi Extermination Camps (Kulmhof) Chelmno __________ December 7, 1941 Gas Vans _________ Killed 320,000 Auschwitz- Birkenau _______ September, 1941 Zyklon-B Killed 1,200,000 *Belzek ________ March 17, 1942 Carbon Monoxide gas Killed 600,000 *Sobibor March, 1942 Killed 250,000 *Treblinka __________ July 23, 1942 Killed 700,000 Majdanek October, 1942 Carbon Monoxide and Zyklon B gas _________ Killed 1,380,000 Stutthof June, 1944 Zyklon-B gas _______ Killed 65,000 Heinrich Himmler, head of the Nazi death camps.

Auschwitz “Work makes you free.” As many as 3 million Jews were brought here by rail, to be killed. “Work makes you free.”

In a case in which a mother did not want to be separated from her thirteen-year-old daughter, and bit and scratched the face of the SS man who tried to force her to her assigned line, the SS doctor Josef Mengele drew his gun and shot both the woman and the child.

Likewise at Auschwitz Dr Likewise at Auschwitz Dr. Herta Oberhauser killed children with oil and evipan injections, removed their limbs and vital organs, rubbed ground glass and sawdust into wounds.

One twin recalls the death of his brother: "Dr One twin recalls the death of his brother: "Dr. Mengele had always been more interested in Tibi. I am not sure why - perhaps because he was the older twin. Mengele made several operations on Tibi. One surgery on his spine left my brother paralyzed. He could not walk anymore. Then they took out his sexual organs. After the fourth operation, I did not see Tibi anymore. I cannot tell you how I felt. It is impossible to put into words how I felt. They had taken away my father, my mother, my two older brothers - and now, my twin ..."

Among the evidence of Nazi atrocities found at Buchenwald camp were the tattooed skin of Jews, some of which was turned into a lamp shade.

The Allied armies who liberated these camps in 1945 found many dead, some of whom were not buried or cremated . . . . . . . Some Jews were still living – barely.

This must never happen again. The Holocaust This must never happen again.