The 2 nd GPM Applications Workshop Introduction to GPM Ramesh Kakar TRMM and GPM Program Scientist NASA Headquarters June 9, 2015

Precipitation Measuring Missions TRMM: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Launched in 1997 to measure tropical rainfall After 17+ years of service the satellite was passivated in April 2015 Partnership between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) GPM: Global Precipitation Measurement ( launched February 2014 from Tanegashima) GPM builds upon TRMM’s tremendous success and looks at precipitation with greater accuracy around the world GPM uses inputs from an international constellation of satellites to provide improved space and time coverage of precipitation Tropical Storm Ingrid on Friday, Sept. 13 th TRMM Precipitation Radar recorded “hot towers” (red) that often signal a tropical cyclone will intensify

 Increased sensitivity (~12 dBZ) for light rain and snow detection relative to TRMM  Better measurement accuracy with differential attenuation correction  Detailed microphysical information (DSD mean mass diameter & particle no. density) & identification of liquid, ice, and mixed- phase regions Dual-Frequency (Ku-Ka band) Precipitation Radar (DPR): Multi-Channel ( GHz) GPM Microwave Imager (GMI):  Higher spatial resolution (IFOV: 6-26 km)  Improved light rain & snow detection  Improved signals of solid precipitation over land (especially over snow- covered surfaces)  4-point calibration to serve as a radiometric reference for constellation radiometers Combined Radar-Radiometer Retrieval  DPR & GMI together provide greater constraints on possible solutions to improve retrieval accuracy  Observation-based a-priori cloud database for constellation radiometer retrievals Core Observatory Measurement Capabilities

4 GPM Town Hall, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2014 Page GPM Core Observatory (NASA/JAXA, 2014) ) DPR (Ku & Ka band) GMI ( GHz) 65 o Incl, 407 km altitude 5 km best footprint 0.2 – 110 mm/hr and snow Active Joint Projects (19 PI’s from 13 countries) GPM’s International Constellation

5 GPM at 1 Year The GPM Core Observatory lifted off at 3:37 a.m. JST on Feb. 28, 2014 from Tanegashima Space Flight Center, Japan Top: Only 17 days after launch, GPM flew over its first snowstorm off the East Coast, demonstrating the capability to observe heavy rain, light rain and falling snow within the same storm and providing new insight into the precipitation melting layer Left: Hurricane Arthur impacted the East Coast in early July, GPM observed Hurricane Arthur on July 3 rd, providing a detailed 3-D picture of the storm as it was intensifying over the ocean.

NASA's GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) was specifically designed to detect falling snow. This snow event occurred March 17, 2014 and deposited more than 7” of snow in the Washington, DC metro area. Falling Snow as Observed by GMI Bottom Left: GMI retrievals of liquid rain (greens to reds indicate light to heavy rain) and falling snow (blue shading). Bottom Right: Ground measurements from NOAA’s National Mosaic & Multi-Sensor QPE (CONUS 3D radar mosaic at 1km resolution). GMI Retrievals Ground Data Courtesy Kummerow/Berg

Precipitation Products and Release Schedule

8 IMERG Rain Accumulations and GV IMERG, GV gauge, and MRMS daily accumulations Daily accumulations 4/1 – 8/ Single grid-box comparisons over Wallops GV site also in agreement Continental-scale view of the U.S. GPM multi-satellite product IMERG, showing daily rain totals in reasonably good agreement with CONUS GV Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor Product Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG)

Societal Benefit Areas

Streamflow Forecast at Trinity River Location from GFMS River forecast to continuing dropping toward flood threshold Forecast Flood Threshold

Oso Landslide in Snohomish County, Washington Dalia Kirschbaum, Code 617, NASA GSFC Figure 2: Image from Landsat 8 pan-sharpened natural colour 15 m resolution data taken Sunday morning, March 23 rd. Photo courtesy of Jesse Allan (Sigma Space Corp/NASA) Figure 1: Catastrophic landslide that took place on March 22, 2014 in Oso, Snohomish County, WA. The landslide appears to have been initiated by seasonal rainfall, among other factors, and shows a rotational slide at top with large mobilized mudflow features downslope. Figure 3: Cumulative rainfall (mm) for the regional rainy season (Oct-Mar) taken from The red line indicates the 2014 rainy season and blue lines show previous years. According to TMPA RT data, this was the wettest season on record since 2004 and the 3 rd wettest since the start of the TRMM record with a rapid increase in cumulative rainfall starting in February. Oso Landslide

Summary GPM is an international mission that provides improved satellite observations of rain and snow worldwide every three hours The precipitation data from the GPM mission extend our capabilities (from TRMM’s) to study a wide range of applications for scientific research and societal benefit. Landslides Agriculture/Famine Freshwater Availability Modeling World Health Extreme Events Flooding Cyclones