Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing NEPHO PH&I Training Day Using GIS to Visualise Data Part2 8th December, 2009 Alison Copeland

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing The various types of data referenced spatially in a GIS system are often referred to as "layers". Similar to an Overhead Projector, with a series of transparencies laid upon it. What is a GIS?

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing What is a GIS? Vital Data Births Deaths Disease Demographics Clinical Data Labs Radiology Inpatient Outpatient Employer Data Location Health Plans Demographics Employee Locations Geographical Data PCTs SHAs Postcode Street Financial Data HRG Costs Hospital Spending Prescription Costs Facilities Data Floor Plans Assets Resources Provider Data Locations Hospitals Physicians Ancillaries Client Data Demographics Admissions Clinical Outcomes Demand Data Caseloads Procedures Diseases Market Data Age/Sex Income Education Ethnicity Social status Environmental Data Air & Water Quality Biological Hazards Infectious Diseases

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Task You have been asked to assist the local health authority to create some maps to help in the location of a new drug treatment centre in your area. What information might be of use in this task?

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Getting started with GIS… you will need… GIS Software Spatial Data Database or spreadsheet to store attribute data Training Time and perseverance

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing GIS Software MapInfo Professional ESRI’s ArcView (MapInfo is used by the majority of NHS users) GRASS GIS (available free) Instant Atlas

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing A map is an abstraction from reality, to inform us about some aspect of reality.

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing

Spatial Data 3 Major types of data: Boundaries (and other vector) data Counties Local Authorities PCTs LSOA Road networks Background mapping (raster) data 1:50,000 colour raster map Points Postcodes (e.g. NHS Postcode Directory)

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Boundary Data: OS Boundary Line

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Boundary Data: OS Boundary Line

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Boundary Data: OS Boundary Line

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Other vector data: OS Meridian 2

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Raster Data: Miniscale from OS

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Raster Data: 1:50,000 from OS

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Raster Data: 1:250,000 from OS

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Point data: NHS Postcode Directory (free to NHS)

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Making Maps Things to Remember It must be clear what is being shown on the maps Colours: Avoid red & green together (colour-blindness) Choice of colours may prejudice interpretation

Delivering independent intelligence for health and wellbeing Making Maps Classifications and ranges Don’t choose too many (or two few) ranges Think about how these are classified: Is your choice justified, or is the map a kind of LIE? What about your choice of area unit?