M. V. Ricciardi a, T. Enqvist a,[1], J. Pereira b, J. Benlliure b, M. Bernas c, E. Casarejos b, V. Henzl a, A. Kelić a, J. Taieb c,[2], K.-H. Schmidt a.

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M. V. Ricciardi a, T. Enqvist a,[1], J. Pereira b, J. Benlliure b, M. Bernas c, E. Casarejos b, V. Henzl a, A. Kelić a, J. Taieb c,[2], K.-H. Schmidt a a GSI, Planckstr. 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany b University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain c Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Orsay Cedex, France [1] Present address: University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland [2] Present address: CEA/Saclay DM2S/SERMA/LENR, Gif/Yvette CEDEX, France Indications for the Response of the Spectators to the Participant Blast

Motivation – how to learn more about the EOS BUU calculations : 124 Sn Sn T lab = 800 MeV/u b = 5 fm L. Shi, P. Danielewicz, R. Lacey, PRC 64 (2001) Is the spectator only a passive witness or rather a victim of violent participants ? Collective flow: Kaon production: Spectator response: pattern of particles escaping from the hot and dense participants zone depends on EOS kaons contain antistrange quark => almost no absorption in the nuclear medium

The experiment at the Fragment Separator, GSI-Darmstadt Once mass and charge are identified (A, Z are integer numbers) the velocity is calculated from B  => very precise evaluation! A/∆A ≈ 400 Inverse kinematics: From ToF:  /∆  ≈ 400  /∆  = B  / ∆ B  ≈ 2000 (36m)

Velocity distributions of fragmentation residues AGeV M.V.Ricciardi et al. PRL 90(2003) AGeV T.Enqvist et al. NPA658(1999)47

Mean velocities of fragmentation residues Indications for the postulated response of the spectators to the participant blast. T.Enqvist et al. NPA658(1999)47 M.V.Ricciardi et al. PRL 90(2003) In reality, spectator are the participants victims !!! Precise velocity measurement of projectile fragments is a new tool to investigate the EOS of nuclear matter

“What can we learn from the victims?” Theoretical calculations: (Shi, Danielewicz, Lacey) 1)Change of the net momentum per nucleon (NM) depends on momentum dependence of the nuclear mean field (MF) 2)Dependence of NM change on stiffness of EOS very small Spectator response reflects the MD properties of the nuclear MF !!!