A Technical Overview of Microsoft ® Virtualisation David Hitchen Technology Solution Professional – Virtual Server UK Incubation Microsoft

Main Agenda Virtualisation Overview Comparison of Virtual PC vs. Virtual Server ToolsFutures

What is virtualisation? Virtual Operating Systems Microsoft Virtual PC/Server Can be assigned to any hardware Virtual Operating Systems Microsoft Virtual PC/Server Can be assigned to any hardware Virtual Hardware (Grid Computing) Can change its computing tasks in real-time Virtual Hardware (Grid Computing) Can change its computing tasks in real-time Virtual Storage Storage and backup over the network Virtual Storage Storage and backup over the network Virtual Network Localizing dispersed resources Virtual Network Localizing dispersed resources Virtual Applications SoftGrid Any application on any computer on-demand via network Virtual Applications SoftGrid Any application on any computer on-demand via network

Microsoft Virtualisation What are companies doing with it? Web Servers Business Application Servers Networking Directory, Auth, Access, DC File Servers 66.7% 72.2% 44.4% 25% 33.3% 63.1% 59.5% 35.7% 31% Enterprise SMB

Microsoft Virtualisation Market Share

Microsoft Virtualisation IT Pressure Improve Utilization Increase Responsiveness Lower Operational Costs Increase Availability Server Administrators Application Developers

Microsoft Virtualisation Holistic approach Designs include all information relevant to management End to End, automated management tools Rich instrumentation and hardware resource virtualization Systems “Designed For Operations” “Operationally Aware Platform” “Intelligent Management Tools” More flexibility and control in the provisioning and use of your hardware resources.

Microsoft Virtualisation Vision IT organizations benefit when workloads are decoupled from hardware Improves availability, manageability Long term, workloads will become increasingly dynamic Virtualization is a key enabling technology to achieve some of this today

Microsoft Virtualisation Businesses Need Efficiency More efficient hardware environments Improved administrative productivity Environments to efficiently develop and test solutions involving multiple servers with complex configurations

Microsoft Virtualisation Virtualisation Principles Allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on the same processor Each independent virtual machine functions as a self- contained computer Run side-by-side testing and production systems on the same machine Use off-the-shelf servers Use fewer servers with higher utilization

Microsoft Virtualisation Cost Effective A cost-effective and well supported server virtualisation technology for the Windows Server System™ platform. Focused on key customer scenarios Consolidate server workloads Automate & consolidate software test & dev Disaster recovery Reduce costs & improve IT responsiveness Reduce hardware costs by at least 50% Reduce provisioning times by 50-95% Increase administrator productivity

Microsoft Virtualisation Demo Host Windows XP Virtual PC Guest Windows ME Windows Longhorn Server Windows Vista

Virtual Stack Microsoft Virtualisation Virtual Stack Guest OS & Applications Server Hardware Windows Server 2003 Virtual Server 2005 Virtual Hardware Windows NT 4.0 Server, Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 supported No custom drivers required Runs most x86 operating systems Windows NT 4.0 Server, Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 supported No custom drivers required Runs most x86 operating systems Up to 1 CPU per virtual machine Up to 3.6GB of memory per virtual machine Up to 1 CPU per virtual machine Up to 3.6GB of memory per virtual machine Multi-threaded Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) provides isolation Windows Server bit or 64-bit host Broad device compatibility Windows Server bit or 64-bit host Broad device compatibility Optimized for 2 to 8 way servers Scales up to 32 CPUs and up to 64GB Optimized for 2 to 8 way servers Scales up to 32 CPUs and up to 64GB

Virtual Networking Microsoft Virtualisation Virtual Networking Public internal network Private internal network Virtual network cards Private virtual network Virtual DHCP server Bridged virtual network

Microsoft Virtualisation Virtual Machine Files Virtual machine configuration XML file contains all configuration metadata Virtual hard disk Free licensed format Virtual network configuration XML file contains all configuration metadata Portable Can be copied to another host server for redeployment

Microsoft Virtualisation Virtual Hard Disks Virtual hard disk types Dynamically expanding: starts small and grows Fixed size :disk space is consumed on creation Linked drive: uses physical hard drive Differencing: child image that only stores changes Undo Disks Saves all drive changes to separate file Undo disk file is merged or discarded at shutdown

Microsoft Virtualisation Virtual Machine States Turn on virtual machine Pause virtual machine Save state Turn off virtual machine Reset virtual machine Restore from saved state Discard saved state

Microsoft Virtualisation Virtual Machine Remote Control Virtual Machine Remote Control (VMRC) Access to BIOS Independent of operating system Service hosted by MCS Can be encrypted via SSL RDP Protocol No access to computer BIOS Operating system must host Terminal Services

Main Agenda Virtualisation Overview Comparison of Virtual PC vs. Virtual Server ToolsFutures

Comparison Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Optimized for desktop PC performance Single thread across all virtual machines No scripting Virtual Server 2005 R2 Multi-threaded services optimized for server performance Web console for remote management COM API for scripted virtual machine management

Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Overview Desktop virtualisation Free PC PC PC Licenses based on guest Easy to use desktop application Virtual PC 7 for MAC

Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Demo Virtual PC console Virtual machine Multiple operating systems Virtualised hardware Isolation Integration (additions) Hibernation / repositories Virtual PC files Virtual machine configuration

Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Supported operating systems Hosts 32-bit Windows Server 2003 standard edition 32-bit Windows XP all editions Guests 32-bit Windows NT 4 Workstation SP6a+ 32-bit Windows 2000 Pro SP4+ 32-bit Windows XP all editions 32-bit Windows 95/98/98SE/ME DOS OS/2 FP15/CP1/CP2

Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Emulated hardware Fixed specification – variable count Intel 440BX Rev B motherboard with PIIX4 FDD, CD, DVD, COM(2), LPT Mouse, Keyboard (USB mapped) Dec/Intel NIC (4), PXE, 1000mb+ Single processor (identical to host) Up to 3.4GB memory per virtual machine IDE hard disks (4) Creative Labs sound blaster audio

Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Scenarios Migration Run older legacy application while migrating to a new o/s Pilot and test new versions of applications Failsafe environment Isolation and integration Technical Support Support multiple operating systems on a single computer Numerous user-specific scenarios with fast roll-back

Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Scenarios Quality assurance Test and document software of different operating systems Compare application look & feel Test potentially unstable or unsafe software Training Train people using demo rigs Train helpdesk using pre-configured environment Allow destructive training Fast classroom turn-around

Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Scenarios Development Isolated environment with no DLL hell Guaranteed environment for QA Isolated, destructible, and repeatable testing Demos Product suites on a laptop in isolation Environments on a laptop (AD, Exchange, SMS) Proof of Concepts

Comparison Virtual Server 2005 R2 Virtual PC 2004 SP1 Optimized for desktop PC performance Single thread across all virtual machines No scripting Virtual Server 2005 R2 Multi-threaded services optimized for server performance Web console for remote management COM API for scripted virtual machine management

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Overview Server side virtualisation Free Licenses based on guest* Enterprise edition Multi-threaded services (I/O and virtual machines) Web console for remote management COM API for scripted virtual machine management

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Demo Host Windows XP Virtual Server 2005 R2 Guest Windows Longhorn Server Windows Server 2003 Windows Vista

Windows Server R2 Enterprise Edition INCLUDES 4 Instances Windows Server 2003 R2 EE Hardware Virtualization Layer WindowsWindows WindowsWindows Current License Model : Total: 5 Windows Licenses New with Windows Server R2 EE: Total: 1 License Add an additional license and get up to 4 more guests Windows Server “Longhorn” Datacenter Edition will allow unlimited guests! Virtual Server 2005 R2 Windows Server R2 EE Licensing (1)

Library with 100 images of Windows 7 Servers running images (1 per server) License by “running instances” Current License model Total: 107 Windows Licenses Total: 107 Windows Licenses New License rights: Total: 7 Windows Licenses Total: 7 Windows Licenses Virtual Server 2005 R2 Windows Server R2 EE Licensing (2) Promotes the use of virtualization and a more dynamic data center Create as many images as you would like Store the images where you need them License the machine for the instances you use.

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Per-processor Licensing SQL Server 2005 Microsoft BizTalk® Server 2004 ISA Server 2004 Etc. Licensed per virtual processor for virtual machines

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Consolidate Workloads Consolidate infrastructure, application, and branch office server workloads Ideal for server consolidation datacenter branch office More efficient use of hardware resources Enhance administrative productivity Rapidly deploy new servers to address changing business needs.

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Legacy Application Re-hosting Applications often outlive their original operating system or hardware Virtual Server enables smooth migration on your timeline Upgrade infrastructure without having to upgrade or rewrite applications Host legacy applications on current hardware running Windows Server 2003

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Software Test and Development Consolidate and automate software test and development environments Greater flexibility Better test coverage Developer productivity Automate provisioning Test distributed server applications on a single physical server

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Disaster Recovery Virtual Server 2005 R2 can be used as part of a disaster recovery plan Provides application portability Flexibility across hardware platforms

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Demo Virtual Server console Virtual machine Multiple operating systems Virtualised hardware Integration (additions) Virtual Server networks Virtual Server files Virtual machine configuration

Virtual Server R2 Supported operating systems Hosts (x32-bit and x64-bit) Windows Server 2003 standard, enterprise, datacenter SBS Windows XP Pro (test/dev only) Guests (32-bit) Linux VM Additions Windows NT4 Windows Server 2000 Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 Windows XP Professional Service Pack 2

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Emulated hardware Same as Virtual PC SP1 except:- Additional SCSI controller(4) Adaptec 7870 for 56TB storage Removal of sound card

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Efficient Use of Hardware Resource Virtualization Improved performance Greater scalability with x64 host support iSCSI support Host clustering support Windows server guest operating system performance optimization Broad x86 guest operating system compatibility Resource management Policy-based resource management features Fine-grained control of CPU and memory resource allocation

Virtual Server 2005 R2 64-bit Host Support Provides Greater Scalability Supported x64 hosts Windows Server 2003 Standard x64 Edition Windows Server 2003 Enterprise x64 Edition Windows XP Professional x64 Edition 64-bit port of virtual machine manager and service Better scaling from larger kernel address space x64 systems typically can have more RAM Host-only 64-bit support No 64-bit guest support in this release 64-bit guest support planned for next generation virtualization products

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Improved Performance Virtual Server 2005 R2 includes Improved shadow page table management Improved performance of guest process switching and memory intensive application Up to 65% increase in internal memory tests Up to 50% decrease in CPU utilization using 64 bit host

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Other Improvements Improved Hyperthreading support F6 Disk (SCSI driver) Virtual disk pre-compactor Open necessary ports at install time Reserve space for saved states

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Best supported Server Virtualisation Comprehensive support and testing of Microsoft solution stack Windows qualified drivers Operating system support Windows Server System family support Ecosystem Support ISVs and customers can create functionality and manageability Forward migration Smooth migration path to Windows Virtualization

Virtual Server 2005 R2 High Availability Virtual Machine Clustering: iSCSI allows clustering virtual machines across hosts Virtual Server R2 Host Cluster support The ability to cluster Virtual Server hosts. Clustering uses Windows Server 2003 EE/DTC clustering Supports SAN, iSCSI or direct attached storage Benefits: Guest OS agnostic. Any virtual machine running any OS can be moved or failover to another cluster node FREE.

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Host Cluster Support Details Accommodates both planned and unplanned downtime Planned downtime: Servicing the host hardware or patching the host os Virtual machine migration. Virtual machines can be moved from one cluster node to another with minimal downtime. (Downtime dependent on speed of storage infrastructure) Less than 10 seconds to move 128 MB vm via 1GbE iSCSI (faster on SAN) Unplanned downtime: Failover to another cluster node due to hardware failure

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Increased Administrator Productivity Deploy Complete scripted control enables automated configuration and deployment Manage and Migrate Use existing server management tools to administer virtual machines running on a familiar host operating system Customise Web site provisioning and deployment Billing and usage

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Easy to Deploy Comprehensive COM API Enables complete scripted control of virtual machine environments Virtual Hard Disks (VHDs) Encapsulates virtual machines Allows flexible configuration, change and deployment Virtual Networking Facilitates secure and versatile networking PXE Boot integrated in updated BIOS Streamlines virtual machine provisioning

Virtual Server 2005 R2 Easy to Manage and Migrate Virtual Server Administration Website Secure, authenticated administration and client remote access Microsoft integrated solutions Active Directory integration Microsoft Operations Manager 2005 Management Pack for Virtual Server Systems Management Server 2003 SP1 Virtual Server Migration Toolkit Other solutions Integrate other existing server management tools

Main Agenda Virtualisation Overview Comparison of Virtual PC vs. Virtual Server ToolsFutures

Virtualisation Tools Virtual Server Migration Toolkit SysPrepMoMSMS Virtual Machine Manager SoftGrid

Tools Overview of Virtual Server Migration Toolkit Physical to Virtual Migration Keeps original configuration (name/ip/hardware*) Free Script based Fully customisable Uses Automated Deployment Services (ADS is free) Intended for use by professionals/consultants Requires PXE/DHCP/ADS

Tools Overview of Sysprep Used in client cloning Creates new SiDs, Names, and PnP reset Useful for repositories, or copying virtual machines Free

Tools Overview of Microsoft Operations Manger MoM Management Pack Adds virtual machine awareness to MoM Free

Tools Overview of Virtual Machine Manager System Center Virtual Machine Manager Self Service Portal Virtual machine library/repository MonitoringCheckpoints In Beta 1 (more details in ‘Futures’)

Tools Overview of SoftGrid Virtualised Applications No Client Install Isolation Instant Availability Instant Control Load Balanced Licensing Application Compatibility Centralised Change Management

Tools Overview of SoftGrid Eliminate or dramatically reduce common, costly application management processes, including installations, regression testing and business continuity Suncor Energy migrated 1,300+ apps to XP in 3.5 months Accelerate application deployments, updates and terminations costs by over 80% Sanofi-Aventis reduced application updates from 2 weeks to 3 hours Reduce help desk costs by over 30% Heartland Financial reduced help desks calls from 2 hours to 10 minutes

Tools Overview of SoftGrid Reduce end-user down-time by 80% Lend Lease Inc. increased end user up-time four-fold Consolidate terminal servers Fidelity National Financial eliminated 13 terminal servers Support thousands of users from a single server

Main Agenda Virtualisation Overview Comparison of Virtual PC vs. Virtual Server ToolsFutures

Coffee Back at 3:45

Futures Agenda Virtual PC 2007 Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 Windows Virtualisation System Center Virtual Machine Manager

Virtual PC 2007 Overview Optimized for Vista (host and guest) Leverages Virtual Server 2005 R2 code & performance 64-bit host support Vista sound support Default virtual disk size has changed to 32GB Support for Intel VT and AMD Pacifica technology Beta available now on Connect

Virtual PC 2007 Scenarios Application compatibility Run legacy applications on Vista Development and Testing On any operating system, use ‘undo’ to speed development Technical Support Helpdesk can support multiple operating systems Quality Assurance Test application stability Training Reduce classroom configuration, time, and cost

Virtual PC 2007 Demo Host Windows XP Virtual PC 2007

Futures Agenda Virtual PC 2007 Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 Windows Virtualisation System Center Virtual Machine Manager

Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 Overview Hardware Assist Support Host Clustering Technical White Paper Active Directory Integration Volume Shadow Service Offline VHD mounting Windows Vista Support Beta 2 available 32-bit & 64-bit

Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 Hardware Assist Support for Intel VT and AMD Pacifica technology Generally, Windows performance is neutral We already tune and optimize for Windows Windows installation is faster Non-Windows will be much faster Linux / OS/2 / Netware

Futures Agenda Virtual PC 2007 Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 Windows Virtualisation System Center Virtual Machine Manager

Windows Virtualisation Overview Microsoft’s Next Generation Virtualisation Hypervisor-based Separate, small management partition (parent) Extensible VHD File Format System Center Management Hot Add Hardware Takes device virtualization to the next level Targeting availability in the Longhorn wave

Windows Virtualisation Mainstream Service Packs & Updates Extended Support At least 5 years At least 5 years from major release

Windows Virtualisation Roadmap Windows Storage Server R2 Windows Server 2003 R2 Windows Server Update Services Windows Server “Longhorn” Beta 1 Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 Windows Server “Longhorn” Beta 3 Windows Server “Longhorn” RTM Windows Server Virtualisation Windows Server “Longhorn” R2 (64 bit Only) Windows Server 2003 Compute Cluster Edition Windows Small Business Server 2003 R2 Windows Server “Longhorn” Beta 2 Windows Server Virtualisation Beta

Windows Virtualisation x86 Market Scalability Breadth of Applications Itanium Most Scalable Mainstream x86-64 (“x64”) x86-32 x64

Windows Virtualisation Definitions Hypervisor Thin layer of software underneath all operating systems Parent partition A partition that manages its children Child partition Any number of partitions that are started, managed, and shut down by their parent Virtualization Stack The collection of components that runs in the parent partition for virtual machine management

Windows Virtualisation Hypervisor Host OS VMM Guest 1 Guest 2 VMM Guest 1 Guest 2 Host OS VMM Guest 1 Guest 2 Type-2 VMMType-1 VMM (Hypervisor) Hybrid VMM Examples: JVM CLR Examples: Virtual PC & Virtual Server Examples: Windows Virtualization Hardware What we have today What we’re building for the future

Windows Virtualisation Hypervisor

Windows Virtualisation Virtualisation Layers Windows Hypervisor Requires Intel VT and AMD “Pacifica” virtualization extensions Very thin layer of software below all operating systems Provides basic mechanisms for creating partitions Does not contain device drivers Virtualization Stack Runs as a foundation role with a minimal set of components Provides the virtualization and emulation of devices WMI interface for management and configuration Virtualization Service Providers (VSPs) Hardware sharing architecture Microsoft will provide storage, network, video, USB, input

Windows Virtualisation Management Partition Guest Partitions Kernel Mode User Mode Virtualization Service Providers (VSPs) Windows Kernel Server Core IHV Drivers Virtualization Service Clients (VSCs) Windows Kernel Enlightenments VMBus Windows hypervisor Virtualization Stack VM Worker Processes VM Service WMI Provider Applications “Designed for Windows” Server Hardware Provided by: Windows ISV OEM Windows Virtualization Hypervisor: < 100KB in size No Drivers Manages Partitions, Security

Windows Virtualisation Enlightenments Enlightenments Modifications to an operating system to make it aware that it’s running within a VM Windows enlightenments Optimizations in memory manager (MM) Win32 and kernel API: Am I running on a virtual machine? Investigating additional enlightenments

Windows Virtualisation Transition Virtual Server to Windows virtualization transition Migration path from Virtual Server to Viridian TCO will decrease

Windows Virtualisation Scenarios Production Server Consolidation Reducing TCO by maximizing hardware utilization and consolidating workloads Business Continuity Management Eliminating scheduled and unscheduled downtime. Dynamic Datacenter Leveraging the benefits of virtualization to create a more agile infrastructure. Test and Development Maximizing test hardware, reducing costs, improving lifecycle management and improving test coverage.

Windows Virtualisation Possible Features Hardware virtualization enabled Requires x64 and Intel VT/AMD Pacifica 32-bit (x86) child partitions 64-bit (x64) child partitions SMP 2 & 4 way virtual machines Large memory support (>4GB) within vms Memory over-commit; Page sharing Pass-through disk access for vms (SAN, DAS) Features Being Considered

Windows Virtualisation Possible Features New hardware sharing architecture (VSP/VSC) High performance, low overhead Disk, networking, input, video Hot add hardware Disks, Memory, Processors, Memory Dynamically manage thousands of virtual machines. Flexible role-based security. Group policy integration. Features Being Considered

Windows Virtualisation Possible Features Health monitoring Chargeback Host High availability Guest high availability Machine migration/moves Features Being Considered

Windows Virtualisation Summary VHD format: Royalty-free license Enables migration from Virtual Server to Windows hypervisor Management tools

Futures Agenda Virtual PC 2007 Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 Windows Virtualisation System Center Virtual Machine Manager

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Overview Host Configuration Automate Host setup/configuration Global host settings (VHD paths, VM Additions etc.) Virtual Machine Creation Wizard-based user interface Rapid creation of VMs using P2V, Media, Templates Ability to save definitions as templates for rapid deployment

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Overview Library Management Store offline VMs, templates, ISO images Create, update, delete & store objects in the distributed library Virtual Machine Placement and Deployment Recommendation based on host capacity and utilization Manual admin override Movement of VM files over LAN or SAN Self Service Provisioning User Interface User interface allowing end users to request and place VMs Admin configures rules and boundaries for provisioning

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Overview Monitoring and Reporting Centralized view of all VMs in the environment and their status Host/VM groupings scalable to thousands of VMs MOM pack for reporting and health monitoring Reports on consolidation candidates, utilization trending, optimization opportunities Rapid Recovery VM “checkpoints” Automation Completely scriptable user model

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Overview One Click switching between physical and virtual views VM State Transition, migration and checkpoints Complete details of both physical and virtual layers Customizable grouping of physical and virtual machines into resource pools

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Reports Full set of reports, integration with MOM database Actions one click away in context sensitive Actions Pane

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Views By Resouce Pool By VM State By Owner By Creation Date By Operating System

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Resource Optimisation Subset physical hosts to appropriate resource pool(s) Rank ordered recommendations of physical hosts for placement of virtual machine. Capacity Planning models, historical performance data, hard requirements, … incorporated into algorithm.

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Offline Library of Building Blocks Templates contain both “Gold” image of software as well as hardware settings Offline Virtual Disks Offline Virtual Machines Scripts for post deployment configuration and customization

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Provisioning Using Self-Service Portal Ability to control owned virtual machines Thumbnails of all owned virtual machines

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Controlled by Administrator Quotas used to manage resource allocation across users

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Rapid Provisioning User selects from list of templates Administrator has associated with that user

System Center Virtual Machine Manager Rapid Provisioning New virtual machine ready for use, Terminal Services connection information automatically ed to user.

Microsoft Virtualisation Summary Virtual PC is designed to host desktop-based virtual machines Virtual Server is designed to host server-based virtual machines Virtual Server helps contain server sprawl, quickly deploy new servers, and house legacy applications Use the Virtual Server Migration Toolkit to migrate physical and virtual machines to a virtual machine environment

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