Basin management plan Case Sibalom watershed, Philippines Marion Hermus Cornelia Rudolph Lennart Swinkels

Description State of basin natural resources –18% of the original primary forests left (1999) –Water intensively used –Mineral rich area Trends: Environmental degradation –Deforestation of rain forests and mangroves –Erosion and sedimentation –Floods and droughts –More extreme precipitation Monitoring –No sign of basin management plans –No monitoring programs

Inventories Land use –80% cultivated land (mostly grassland, secondary forest, 1992) Ecosystems –Tropical climate –85% mountainous, 15% lowland Water availability and demands –Seasonal dependancy and availability –942 Mm³ runoff yearly Pollution sources –minimal fertilizer use and only on terraced fields No optimal information basis, more research/monitoring needed

Assessment Ecosystem needs –Erosion –Sedimentation –Water allocation Vulnerability –Sedimentation problems at corral reefs –Groundwater refill –Rain and groundwater availability Implications of changing land use –Change in land use is necessary –Overview of current land use needed –Overview of possible types of land use, more suitable, economical suitable –Spatial planning

Stakeholders –Inhabitants –135 Barangays –7 Municipalities –DENR –NGO’s (WWF) Stakeholder needs –Housing, fuel wood, agricultural goods, etc. –Preserve political structure/organisation –Overview of needs and interests of other stakeholders Mechanisms for participation –Gather information about current ways of participation; current democratic structure; –Create awareness among inhabitants, GO’s and NGO’s by informing and communication –Communicate with the leaders of barangays and municipalities

Priority issues Get to know the ecological, social and economical system –Approach stakeholders, researchers, GO’s, NGO’s –Investigate lacking data Start awareness process with local inhabitants and stakeholders

Goals Short-term –Bring back forest cover on critical sites –Protect nature reserves by enforcing of existing rules and developing new rules Long-term –Extend natural bio-dynamics Erosion Groundwater –Enhance the activities stability (sustainable economy) –Mitigate vulnerability to drought and flooding

Objectives Water quality –Fertilizers No exceeding of the carying capacity –Silt, floating matter Coral Decrease erosion processes Water allocation –Fair distribution between nature and agriculture –Come up with and implement innovative solutions for water usage

Benefit shares Compromises between stakeholders –National, regional and local Win-win situation between nature and socio-economy –Using natural resources in a sustainable way E.g. Forestry; –More nature, less floods and erosion

Scenarios –Autonamous –Worst case –Implement short term measures –Implement long term measures –Best case Use –Awareness –Financial picture –Vision

Plans Create a Basin Management Organization –Legal power to implement measures/plans –Enforcement ability Start with priority issues –Getting to know the system, collecting information –Stakeholder involvement Short term measures Long term measures

Financing International funding –WWF (nature) –World Bank (socio-economic) etc. Development funding/aids –German technical cooperation (GTZ) etc. National government Local government –Taxes and fees

Responsibilities Institutions involved –International and national policies and laws –Basin Management Organization –Municipal governments –Local Barangays –Local inhabitants Guideline schedule –Gather information and talk to stakeholders: 1 st year –Make detailed basin action plan: 1 st and 2 nd year –Work on short term measures: 1 st till 3 rd year –Work on long term measures: 3 rd to 5 th year

Monitoring Monitoring of the adherence of laws, rules –Especially illegal logging Monitoring of water quality and quantity –Flood early warning systems

Assignment 2 Assumptions –10 million m³ per river –400 m wide –1 meter depth: 25 km of river –2 meter depth: 12,5 km of river –3 meter depth: 8,3 km of river

Possible implications Disturbed ecosystem in the riverbed and surroundings of the river More drainage of the surrounding land Groundwater flows might change Erosion patterns will change (less coarse material) Less floodings Periodically disturbance traffic along the river, more noise from excavation activities