Developing confidence  Stage fright : anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.  Adrenaline: A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.  Positive nervousness: controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.

Dealing with nervousness  Acquire speaking experience  Prepare, prepare, prepare  Think positively  Use the power of visualization visualization: mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.  Most nervousness is not visible  Don’t expect perfection

Converting negative thoughts into positive thoughts  I wish I didn’t have to give this speech.  I’m not a great public speaker.  I’m always nervous when I give a speech.  No one will be interested in what I have to say.  This speech is a chance for me to share my ideas and gain experience as a speaker.  No one’s perfect, but I’m getting better with each speech I give.  Every one is nervous. If other people can handle it, I can too.  I have a good topic and I’m fully prepared. of course they will be interested.

Communication  Communication is a process of transmitting and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages

The speech Communication process  Context  Speaker, sender, encoder  Message  Channel, medium  Listener, receiver, decoder  Feedback  Interference  Situation

context  It includes country, culture, organization, external and internal stimuli.  Stimuli: any passing-by energy that affects your sense organ.  External stimulus: prompts you to send a message.  Internal stimulus: has a complex influence on how you translate ideas into message.

Speaker, sender, encoder  The person who uses symbols (words, graphics, or pictures) that expresses the message to the listener.

Message  It is the core idea you wish to communicate  Consist of verbal symbols (spoken) and nonverbal symbols (unspoken)

Channel, medium  The means by which a message is communicated (electronic mail, sound, printed words)

Listener, receiver, decoder  The person/s who receives the sender’s message.  Influenced by context, internal and external stimuli.

Feedback  The reaction from the listener usually an oral or written message, it can also be an action or simply silence.

Other elements  Interference: is anything that impedes the communication of a message. external and internal o Situation: the time and space in which the speech or conversation occurs

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