NAME ONE ORGANISM List three characteristics that make this “thing” an organism. _________ is an organism. __________ is an organism because 1.___________________ 2.___________________ 3.___________________ Hint: An organism is any living thing.

Organism Any living thing Examples: –Shark -Tree -Bacteria –Human -Bird

Characteristics of Organisms 1. Living things are organized Organisms are composed of (made of) cells Some organisms are composed of many cells and some are composed of one cell Multi-cellular and Uni-cellular

Examples of Unicellular organisms Examples of multi- cellular organisms Bacteria, Paramecium Humans, trees, dogs

How are multi- cellular organisms organized? Ex. Human Ex. Digestive system Ex. Liver Ex. Liver tissue Ex. Liver cells

2. Living Things Respond Living things react to stimuli inside them or in their surrounding environment. Stimuli or stimulus (singular) Anything that causes a change in the organism Ex. Car horn or a screaming baby

Stimuli can cause a response A reaction to the stimuli is a response Examples Stimuli ~Phone rings Response ~Walk over to phone ~Touch hot water ~Rapidly move your hand

3. Organisms use energy Organism use energy for life activities. The energy that is used by organisms comes directly or indirectly from the sun.

4. Organisms grow and develop Growth is due to the increase in number of cells in any multi-cellular organism. Growth is due to increase in size of the cell in any uni-cellular organism

5. Organisms can reproduce Organisms have the ability to make more of their own kind. Without reproduction, living things would not exist to replace those individuals that die, causing extinction.

Topic: Life Aim: How do organisms survive? Review: the scientific method Handout DO NOW:

Experiment Groups Experimental group Control group Independent Variable Control Dependent Variable: End Result / What you expect to happen Something you measure Key works: amount What each Group receives

Life Processes aka “life functions” aka “life activities” Biological activities that must be performed by the organism to survive

Life process PRETEST junior.kent.sch.uk/revision/Science/life.html

1. Nutrition Process in which organisms take in materials from the environment to be used by the body 2 types:

1.Heterotrophic nutrition organism must obtain their food from their environment because they cannot make their own

Steps of Heterotrophic nutrition A. Ingestion Process of taking in food

B. Digestion Process of breaking down food

C. Absorption Process of nutrients being diffused into the bloodstream

D. Egestion Process of removing undigested food called feces

2. Autotrophic nutrition organisms have the ability to make food from raw materials from their environment By the process of photosynthesis

2. Respiration Release of ENERGY found in nutrients needed to perform various activities

Glucose + Energy Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water + +

TWO TYPES of respiration A.Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen B. Anaerobic Respiration Does NOT require oxygen

3.Transport Circulation, distribution, and absorption of materials throughout the organism or through a cell

Carried out by the Circulatory system Carried out by your cells

Other living things have circulatory systems like we do…

The chloroplasts in plants cells must be able to move around inside the cell = TRANSPORT

Topic: Life Aim: How are life functions linked to homeostasis? DO NOW: Explain how a life function helps an organisms survive. ___________ helps an organism to survive because __________________ __________________ _________________.

4. Locomotion Movement of the entire body from one place to another or movement of body parts

Animals move their whole bodies to get from one place to another

Plants turn towards the light and their roots grow down into the soil

5. Excretion Removal of metabolic/cellular wastes Cellular wastes: wastes made by your cells CO 2, water, salt, nitrogen wastes called urea

Sweat = water, salt, urea (nitrogen waste)

6. Growth When there is an increase in cell number

Cancer when the cells divide uncontrollably

Topic: Life Aim: How are life functions linked to homeostasis? PART II DO NOW: List 3 life functions and describe how they help the organisms.

7.Reproduction Production of new individuals As an individual, a living thing doesn’t have to reproduce BUT as a species it must in order to keep it’s kind alive

Two types 1. Asexual reproduction requires one parent cell to divided (reproduce)

2. Sexual reproduction requires 2 parent cells to combine genetic material to form a new organism

8. Synthesis When small molecules come together to form large molecules

9. Regulation Control & Coordination of all life processes in order to maintain homeostasis

Metabolism Rate/pace at which the organism performs the life processes in the body Every single thing carries out metabolic activities

Maintaining a stable, internal environment The body's ability to regulate its internal environment to maintain stability in response to changes in the outside environment.

Medial Summary

Life process POSTTEST junior.kent.sch.uk/revision/Science/life.html