Organelles of the Cell Wednesday, November 18, Packet #11 Chapter #3
Introduction Organelles are specific structures, found within cells, with specific functions. This packet investigates the different types of organelles and their functions. Wednesday, November 18, 20152
ORGANELLES OF THE CELL Cell Structure & Function 11/18/20153
Cell Structure and Function I Wednesday, November 18, Chromatin The complex of DNA and histome proteins which make up chromosomes in eukaryotic cells Chromosomes Long threadlike association of genes composed of chromatin and found inside the nucleus of the cell Nucleolus The region of the eukaryotic nucleus that is engaged in ribosome synthesis
Cell Structure and Function II Wednesday, November 18, Nucleus Structure Contains a eukaryotic cell’s genetic library Nucleus Function In eukaryotic cells, this is a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material Acts as the control center for the cell Produce ribosomes and RNA* Play an essential role in cell division Nuclear Envelope Surrounds the nucleus Contains nuclear pores Allow things in and out of the nucleus
Cell Structure and Function III Wednesday, November 18, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions in the synthesis and transport of proteins This is where we find ribosomes and why they look “rough” Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions in the synthesis and transport of lipids There are no bound organelles— that is why they look so smooth Ribosomes Cytoplasmic organelle that is the site for protein synthesis Small complex particles consisting of proteins and RNA
Cell Structure and Function IV Wednesday, November 18, Golgi Apparatus Stack of membranous sacs Packages and distributes lipids and proteins that form in the ER If we have time we will have a closer look at this process Something inportant—know the ends and structure Cis—entry; Trans—exit—People always forget this Vesicles enter and leave here Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes that degrades the cell and other malfunctioning organelles
Cell Structure and Function IV Wednesday, November 18, Peroxisome Contains enzymes that carry out redox reactions and is key in detoxification of drunks Mitochondria Location for energy production ATP
Filaments Cells are composed of filaments Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Details to come in AP Biology Wednesday, November 18, 20159
Other Important Features in the Cell Wednesday, November 18, Chloroplasts In plant cells Used in photosynthesis
The Plasma Membrane 11/18/201511
Components of the Plasma Membrane Wednesday, November 18,
Functions of Proteins Within the Plasma Membrane Transport Enzymatic activity Signal Transduction Cell to Cell Recognition Intercellular Joining Attachment to the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix Wednesday, November 18,
Fluidity of the Plasma Membrane Two reasons for the membrane to be more/less fluid Saturated vs. Unsaturated phospholipid tails Cholesterol Wednesday, November 18,
Wednesday, November 18, Animal Cell
Wednesday, November 18, Plant Cell
Review 11/18/201517