OAR Perspective on Air Sensors Kristen Benedict National Tribal Forum on Air Quality 5/13/14

Agenda Defining Sensors State of Science/Examples OAR Perspective ◦ Current Monitoring Requirements ◦ Potential Applications for Sensor Data ◦ Challenges/Needs Upcoming Conferences 2

Sensors Technologies that include small portable, low-cost devices 3

Assessing and supporting new technology Emerging air monitoring systems (informal classification) Group 1: Regulatory or regulatory- equivalent air monitoring stations Cost: 100Ks (in thousands), Data reliability = A+ Group 2: Smaller-footprint monitoring systems for community screening and research studies Cost: 1-10Ks, Data reliability = B+ (target) Group 3: Very small, very low cost systems enabling dense sensor networks, citizen science Cost: 0.1-1Ks, Data reliability = ? existing emerging 4 (slide courtesy of Gayle Hagler)

State of Sensor Monitoring Sensor technologies in research, development, and evaluation stage Sensor Evaluation Open House No sensor technologies have applied for Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) status 5

Evaluating performance of sensors Determining applications related to citizen science Village Green Project Developing guidance documents ◦ Draft Roadmap for Next Generation Air Monitoring (NGAM) ◦ Air Sensors Guidebook (June 2014) 6 Collaboration with Office of Research and Development (ORD)

7 Air Sensors: Examples

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o Criteria Pollutants  Federal Reference Methods (FRM)/Federal Equivalent Methods (FEM) o HAPs  Guidance Materials by Pollutant Class (e.g. VOCs) o Source Testing  Test Methods/Alternative Test Methods 10 OAR Perspective – Current Monitoring Network Requirements

OAR Perspective – Potential Applications of Sensor Data Informing Network Design ◦ Locate monitor in high concentration areas ◦ Determination of gradients Permitting ◦ Help understand background pollutant concentrations Risk assessment ◦ Characterization & Modeling Provide insight into near road concentrations (NO 2 ) 11

OAR Perspective – Challenges Data use, quality, and collection Defining data quality and collection needs for various users and applications Limitations of sensors (e.g. readings at extreme meteorological conditions) Interpretation of short term data Communication 12

Air Quality Index Levels of Health Concern Numerical Value Meaning Good0 to 50 Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk Moderate51 to 100 Air quality is acceptable; however, for some pollutants there may be a moderate health concern for a very small number of people who are unusually sensitive to air pollution. Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups 101 to 150 Members of sensitive groups may experience health effects. The general public is not likely to be affected. Unhealthy151 to 200 Everyone may begin to experience health effects; members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects. Very Unhealthy201 to 300 Health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is more likely to be affected. Hazardous301 to 500 Health alert: everyone may experience more serious health effects Messaging Challenges AQI focuses on health effects experienced within a few hours or days

Research Needs Collocation studies Sensor monitoring technologies collocated with Federal Reference Method (FRM) instruments Collection of data in areas without network monitors 14

VariableProvided by Manufacturer Name of Sensor Sensor ID Pollutant Date of Sensor Origin Date of Measurement Latitude and Longitude Duration of Measurement Units Bias and Precision Results Meteorological Measurements Interferents Minimum Detection Limit Pollutant Concentration Range Response Time 15 OAR Perspective –Brainstorming Collection Needs

OAR Perspective –Brainstorming Data Quality Objectives 16 RequirementNotes CalibrationCollocation Requirements Bias and PrecisionAir Sensor Guidebook Recommendations Data CompletenessAmbient Monitoring Network Requirements Siting RequirementsProximity to buildings, vegetation, etc.

Next Steps Case Study on Ozone ◦ Define current monitoring requirements and use of monitoring data ◦ Interpretation and messaging of short term (e.g. 1-min data versus the 8-hour primary standard) ◦ Data analysis (as needed) ◦ Identify and describe potential applications for sensor data ◦ Determine data quality/collection needs to supplement monitoring data ◦ Provide outreach and guidance to citizens and communities 17

Conferences 18 ConferenceDate NGAM Air Sensors 2014: A New Frontier June 9-10, 2014 Environmental Measurement Symposium August 4-8, 2014 National Ambient Air Monitoring Conference August 11-14, 2014

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