Knight Bright Group #1: Robin Adams Nathan Doran Tyler Hemp-Hansen Shaun Sontos

What is “Knight Bright”? Knight Bright is a 2-dimensional, 100 (10x10) pixel tabletop interactive LED (RGB) gaming system. The primary motivation behind this project is to develop a fun, easy to use, user-programmable interactive tabletop.

Project Goals Use the MCU to control an array of LEDs through LED drivers. Transmit the output of an IR sensor circuit into the microprocessor. Successfully integrate Bluetooth capabilities into the project. Successfully integrate USB communication on both the user and developer levels. Develop a host programming GUI environment. Develop an Android based peripheral application.

Specifications and Requirements Dimensions20” x 20” x 2” Resolution10 x 10 Color Depth8-bit color or more CommunicationWireless to Android Device (range > 10 m) Serial for USB MemoryMust store at least 3 on-board games Power< 200 W

H/W Requirements Component Name# of Components 8-bit MCU unit3 RGB LED bulb100 LED driver20 IR emitter + IR detector to-1 (3:1) AND gate100 4-to-16 (4:16) Decoder2 5-to-32 (5:32) Decoder1 Bluetooth module1 Android OS mobile device1

Overall Project Design

Games: Tic-Tac-Toe

Games: Tetris

Games: Battleship

Game Programming Desktop programmer GUI can make games and upload them to the board Sent to microcontroller via USB serial communication Program stored in EEPROM as an assembly language type of program specific to this application

Microcontroller ATmega328P 3 Microcontrollers – Primary microcontroller – Fetches and executes instructions from EEPROM. Directs actions of the other microcontrollers. – Display microcontroller – Executes commands related to LEDs and colors – Input microcontroller – Monitors IR sensors and has a buffer for received input

Selecting the LED Driver Model NameTLC5941TLC5940STP16CP05MTRPCA9922 Current supply(max)80 mA 60 mA (< 3.6 V) 120 mA (> 3.6 V) 100 mA 60 mA Voltage supply (input)3 to 5.5 V 3.3 to 5.5 V Voltage supply(output) 17 V 20 V6 V InterfaceSerial Data Transfer rate30 MHz 25 MHz Channels16 8 Cost$1.80/per unit$2.21/per unit$4.32/per unit$0.49/per unit Additional Features 12-bit Grayscaling 6-bit Dot Correction LED Open Detection 12-bit Grayscaling 6-bit Dot Correction (EEPROM storable) LED Open Detection

LED Driver Control TLC5941 LED Driver 16 channels 80 mA current supply(max) 30 MHz data transfer rate 12-bit Grayscale PWM 6-bit DOT Correction TLC5941 (TI LED driver) -Low cost -Ease of use -Proliferated software support -EEPROM not necessary Human eye only requires ~50-60 Hz, and ~33% duty cycle for indistinguishable pulses.

5V LED Driver (TLC5941) mm Common Anode Diffused RGB LED Texas Instruments TLC5941 LED Driver 2 12 = 4096 levels

LED Driver (TLC5941) Texas Instruments TLC5941 LED Driver MCU 3 x 20

LED Driver (TLC5941) Texas Instruments TLC5941 LED Driver MCU 3 5:32 5 XLAT of Drivers 2-20

LED Driver Addressing MCU 5:32 Decoder LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver LED Driver A0A1A2 A3A4 5:32 Decoder selects 20 Addresses(0 – 19) to XLAT pins MODE, SIN, SCLK, BLANK, GSCLK All Common to MCU LED Driver

Sensor Cell Design General requirements – Each sensor must detect an object in front of the cell to provide input to the device – Each Cell must contain a RGB LED to provide output Primary Considerations – An intelligent design approach must be used to minimize the number of microcontroller pins needed for user interfacing – The group should also utilize cost efficient methods to meet the requirements

4:16 MCU S X Y

4:16 MCU S X Y Read(3,5) = FALSE

4:16 MCU S X Y Read(3,5) = FALSE

4:16 MCU S X Y Read(3,5) = TRUE

Sensor Array Design

Sensor Circuit Design QED123 Infrared Light Emitting Diode λ880nm MaterialGaAs Package typeT-1 ¾ (5mm lens diameter) Emission angle 16° Output powerHigh Matched photo-sensor QSD123 QSD123 SILICON INFRARED PHOTOTRANSISTOR (NPN) Daylight Filter MaterialSilicon Package Type:T-1 ¾ (5mm lens diameter) Reception angle 24° SensitivityHigh Matched Emitter: QED12X

Sensor Circuit Design 74HC08 Quad 2-input AND Gate Philips Semiconductor High-speed Si-gate CMOS device PackageDP14 Propagation delay6ns 2 to 6 V 0 to Vcc – 1.5 V (Typical 1.6V) 0.8 (Typical 1.2) Vcc (Typical 4.4V) 20mA

Pixel Circuit Design

Innovative Solutions – Jump output ‘A’ to input to ‘B’ for 3 input gate – Move Row/Column pull down resistors to Decoder output – Voltage divider

Wireless Method For use with an mobile device, the most prevalent methods are Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Other wireless technologies were tossed out because of the added cost of an adapter to the mobile device In the end, Wi-Fi is simply overkill for the application TechnologyBluetoothWi-Fi Range20m150m Power Consumption~30mA~180mA Data Rate300Kbps~30Mbps Cost$15.95$30.10

Bluetooth Module: RN42-XV ManufactureRoving Networks Price$20.95 Supply Voltage3.0 – 3.6 V Default Bluetooth Profile Serial Port Profile(SPP) Pins20 pins (only 4 of which will be used)

Mobile Application (Platform) Android has a familiar environment with Java Eclipse Vast libraries, specifically one for Bluetooth usage Open source and many support tutorials and explanations Easy drag and drop style GUI creator

Mobile Application (Features) The user will be able to select what program is running on Knight Bright For certain programs the App will be used as a controller Text input from the App to the device Grid for one to one control

Mobile Application (Use Case Diagram)

Mobile Application (Class Diagram)

Power Consumption Component Max Current (mA) Number present Power consumption per device (mW) Power Consumed (W) Microcontroller Led Driver Bluetooth Device Decoders TBD USB RGB LED IR Emitter IR Detector And Gate Total Power Consumed

TDK-Lambda LS200-5 Note: Careful component selection lead to a need for only 1 voltage regulation device for the Bluetooth chip (.05 x 1.7 =.085 Watts) Power Supply TypeSwitching Input voltage85 – 263 VAC Input Frequency47-63 Hz Output voltage5 VDC Max current40 A Typical Efficiency % Enclosed fanYes Overvoltage protection5.75 – 6.75 VDC Overcurrent protection105% nominal peak Over Temperature ProtectionYes Size7.8 x 3.9 x 1.6” Cost$49.52

Budget PartPriceQuantityTotal Microcontroller$1.623$4.86 TLC5941$1.8019$34.20 RN-42(one with breakout)$21.502$43.00 Power Supply$ Resistors$ $30.00 Decoders (4:16, 5:32)$1.523$4.56 AND Gates$ $26 IR Detectors$ $43.00 IR Emitters$ $35.00 RGB Light Emitting Diodes$ $35.00 USB$ PCB$ Construction SuppliesDonated-- Wire (22 gauge)$5.00 / 100 ft500 ft$25 Total $421.86

Research H/W Design S/W Development Prototyping (Final) Overall Progress Testing (Component) ~ 90-95% ~ 70% ~ 30% ~ 90-95% ~ 15-20% ~ 50-55%

Issues to Resolve Memory – Game memory storage Bluetooth – Reliably transmitting string of characters IR Sensor – Sensitivity to ambient light (sunlight, halogen) USB – Serial communication for game programming

Questions?