THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BIRTH OF A NATION Articles of Confederation (confederal government) 1777 Annapolis Convention (1786, trade) Shay’s Rebellion (1787) Constitutional Convention (1787) Negotiation and Compromise New Jersey and Virginia plans 3/5ths Compromise (tax. and rep.) The Great Compromise (representation) Federalist Papers (1787) Hamilton, Madison and Jay Ratification

GEORGE THE FIRST? Under the 1 st and 2 nd Continental Congress ( ): Peyton Randolph Henry Middleton John Hancock Henry Laurens John Jay Samuel Huntington Thomas Mckean Under the Articles of Confederation ( ) John Hanson Elias Boudinot Richard Henry Lee Nathaniel Gorham Arthur St. Clair Cyrus Griffin Under U.S. Constitution George Washington+(1789)

THE SMALL STATES BATTLE THE LARGE STATES New Jersey Plan Equal votes from each state Unicameral legislature Some power to levy taxes, regulate commerce Executive-more than one, elected by legislature, removed by state majority of governors National judiciary appointed by the president No power over states Ratification by the states Virginia Plan Popular representation Bicameral legislature Executive (including cabinet) size undetermined, elected and removed by congress Judicial-life tenure, can override state laws, elected by legislature Ratification by citizens

THE ART OF COMPROMISE Virginia Plan: House representation based on population favoring the _______ states. Strong national government, single executive and a judiciary (James Madison). New Jersey Plan: Representation equally allocated to each state favoring the ________ states. Weak national government, multiple executives and a supreme court. Retained the Articles of Confederation (William Patterson). Connecticut Plan (Great Compromise): ???????? 3/5 th ’s Compromise: for the purposes of taxation and house representation, slaves would be counted as 3/5 th ’s of a person. No slave importation after (note: slaves comprised 3/5’s of the southern population) Signed on September 17, 1787 (Constitution Day)

THE CONSTITUTION…. What is it? What is it used for? Who developed it? What was the first?

U.S. CONSTITUTION a framework….

THE UNFOLDING… Magna Carta (1215) compelling King John of England to agree to some governmental restrictions and subjects’ rights. Mayflower Compact (1620) Mayflower pilgrims agree to a set of laws governing behavior for the “good of the people”. The Colonial Charters ( ) various colonial constitutions Declaration of Independence (1776) Articles of Confederation ( ) The Constitution (1788)

PREAMBLE We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

CONSTITUTION Federalists vs. Anti- Federalists Adoption (1788) Bill of Rights (1791) Articles I, II, III Legislative, Executive and Judicial branches Balance of power and checks and balances

ARTICLES IV-VII IV: States’ rights between states V: Amendability VI: Supreme law of the land VII: Ratification (9 of 13)

AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION Note: 21st amendment repealed the 18 th with congressional and state conventions’ approval. h.

RATIFICATION

ORDER OF RATIFICATION

BALANCE OF POWER Shared government Checks and balances

BILL OF RIGHTS Amendments 1-10 Civil Liberties

CHECKS & BALANCES

OTHER CHANGES………… ERA Continuity of Congress Abortion Marriage Presidential qualification Marital definition

CONGRESS Article I the legislative branch Sections 1-10

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH Article II the presidency Sections 1-4

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH Article III the Supreme Court Sections 1-3