Immunology Chapter 2, Lecture 1 Richard L. Myers, Ph.D. Department of Biology Southwest Missouri State Temple Hall 227 Telephone:

Horses may be used when a large amount of antiserum is needed

Primates may be used in research related to vaccine development

Experimental Systems Experimental animal models include mice –easy to handle –genetically well characterized –rapid breeding cycle Inbred strains (syngeneic) –repeated inbreeding between litter mates –C3H –C57BL/6

C57 black mouse, the experimental animal of choice

Comments on the use of animals in research and teaching Ethical issue?

Science, 14 August 1998

Adoptive-transfer systems First the immune response of a syngeneic host is destroyed –eliminate with x-ray ( rads) –then reconstitute with other lymphocytes X-ray will lead to death of the mouse unless reconstitution is accomplished

Experimental Systems Scid mice –must be raised in a germ-free environment –can accept transplanted bone marrow cells Cell culture systems –primary lymphoid cell cultures –cloned lymphoid cell lines –hybrid lymphoid cell lines

Cell culture laboratory

SCID mice grafted with human scalp and treated with X-ray to study hair loss

Fetal tissue research Ethical issue?

Human embryonic stem cells (see Science, vol 282, p 1061) Pluripotential stem cells can generate all of the cells types and can self renew Now human ES cells from the blastocyst can be grown in culture Have been used to produce transgenic mice With refinement in techniques we may produce directed, lineage restricted differentiation

Assignment Read Chapter 1 (Overview) for information and review only Read Chapter 2, Experimental Systems Review question 12 (pg 45)