Terms for Mobilizing / Life on the Home Front Cost Plus = government agreed to pay company the cost of converting to wartime materials. Double V = victory over racism in Germany and at home. Tuskegee Airmen = The first African American Air Force unit. Zoot suit = Caused racial tension toward hispanics in California. Rationing = limit purchase of products so that the military has enough Victory gardens = grow your own food

Assignment Complete packet for “Mobilizing for War” and “Life on the Home Front”

reflection What did Churchill know would lead to a modern war? How did congress support factories that converted to wartime production? What is the significance of cost plus contracts? What industry was uniquely suited to mass production of wartime goods? Who created an assembly line for the enormous b-24 bomber? How were liberty ships different from other ships? When did American opinions about a peacetime draft change? What was the goal of “double V” campaign? What were the accomplishments of the Tuskegee airmen? What challenges did the USA face as it mobilized?

Terms for “The Early Battles” Convoy System = made it difficult for German Submarines to sink cargo ships Douglas MacArthur = Army General that promised to return to the Philippines. Bataan Death March = 10,000 American prisoners died at the hands of the Japanese

Warm Up for “The Early Battles” Why were jobs suddenly available to women and minorities? What challenges did Americans at home face during the war? Why were many Americans offended by the Zoot Suit worn by Mexican Americans in Southern California? What happened to many Americans of Japanese ancestry who lived along the west coast during WWII? What was the purpose of Victory Gardens? Why did the government begin rationing consumer goods? What items did Americans contribute to scrap drives? How did the government pay the cost of the war?

THE EARLY BATTLES

SETTING THE STAGE THE EARLY BATTLES OF THE WAR ON BOTH FRONTS REQUIRED CHANGES IN STRATEGY FROM ALL SIDES. IN THE PACIFIC, THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY WAS A MAJOR TURNING POINT AGAINST THE JAPANESE, WHILE THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC AND THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD MADE IT CLEAR THAT GERMANY WOULD NOT WIN THE WAR.

HOLDING THE LINE AGAINST JAPAN AFTER THE ATTACK OF PEARL HARBOR, JAPAN CONTINUED TO WIN VICTORY AFTER VICTORY IN THE PACIFIC JAPANESE TROOPS LANDED ON THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, STRONGLY OUTNUMBERING AMERICAN FORCES GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR ORDERED A RETREAT TO BATAAN PENINSULA.

THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES EVENTUALLY, THE BATAAN DEFENDERS WOULD SURRENDER DUE TO HORRIBLE CONDITIONS THEY WERE FORCED TO MARCH 65 MILES TO A JAPANESE PRISON CAMP. 10,000 TROOPS DIED ON THE WAY = THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH (page 723)

THE DOOLITTLE RAID ON TOKYO BY EARLY 1942, THE UNITED STATES WAS PREPARING TO DROP BOMBS ON TOKYO FDR ORDERED LT. COL JAMES DOOLITTLE TO COMMAND THE SUICIDAL MISSION DOOLITTLES RAID DID LITTLE DAMAGE TO TOKYO, BUT HAD HUGE CONSEQUENCES: PSYCHOLOGICAL BLOW FOR THE JAPANESE,MORALE LIFT FOR THE USA

THE BATTLE OF CORAL SEA AFTER DOOLITTLE’S RAID, JAPAN REALIZED IT MUST CRUSH THE AMERICAN FLEET THANKS TO CODE BREAKERS, THE USA WAS ABLE TO KEEP SUPPLY LINES OPEN TO AUSTRALIA THE BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA WAS ALSO THE FIRST NAVAL BATTLE FOUGHT COMPLETELY WITH AIR POWER

THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY: THE TURNING POINT CODE BREAKERS ALSO ALLOWED ADMIRAL CHESTER NIMITZ TO AMBUSH THE JAPANESE AT MIDWAY AT FIRST THE JAPANESE WERE CRUSHING THE AMERICANS, BUT “THE MIRACLE AT MIDWAY” LED TO A MAJOR VICTORY!! THE JAPANESE LOST 4 CARRIERS, HUNDREDS OF PLANES, AND HAD 3,057 KILLED = NEVER COULD RECOVER THE JAPANESE WOULD HAVE TO GO ON THE DEFENSE, AMERICAN CAN NOW GO ON THE OFFENSIVE!

STOPPING THE GERMANS IN 1942, JOSEPH STALIN WANTED FDR TO DIRECTLY ATTACK GERMANY IN EUROPE FDR INSTEAD ATTACKED NORTH AFRICAN FRENCH TERITORIES UNDER GERMAN CONTROL)

THE STRUGGLE FOR N. AFRICA GENERAL PATTON LED AMERICAN FORCES IN MOROCCO. THEY QUICKLY CAPTURED CASABLANCA THE GERMAN GENERAL ERWIN ROMMEL (THE DESERT FOX) WHIPPED AMERICAN FORCES IN TUNISIA FINALLY, THE COMBINED FORCES OF THE BRITISH AND THE AMERICANS WERE ABLE TO DEFEAT ROMMEL AT EL ALAMEIN IN 1943

THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC BY AUGUST OF 1942, GERMAN SUBS HAD SUNK 360 AMERICAN SHIPS OFF OUR OWN COAST THIS CONVINCED THE AMERICAN NAVY TO SET UP A CONVOY SYSTEM NEW TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS RADAR, SONAR, AND IMPROVED DEPTH CHARGES - VICTORY

THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD IN THE SPRING OF 1942, HITLER ORDERED HIS TROOPS TO CAPTURE STALINGRAD AT ALL COSTS GERMANS UNPREPARED FOR WINTER, SOVIETS FOUGHT FIERCLY FOR EVERY INCH OF CITY IN NOVEMBER, SOVIET REINFORCEMENTS ARRIVED AND TRAPPED GERMANS IN CITY ENTIRE ELITE GERMAN 5 TH ARMY SURRENDERS = GERMANY NO LONGER ON THE OFFENSIVE = RETREATING

reflection What is the historical significance of General Douglas MacArthur? What effect did the Doolittle Raid have on the war against Japan? How did the Japanese change their strategy after the Doolittle Raid? What is the historical significance of the Battle of the Coral Sea? How was the Battle of Midway a major turning point in the war against Japan? Why did FDR and Churchill want to defeat Germany in N. Africa before staging a European invasion? Who commanded the German forces in North Africa? What battle proved to be the turning point in N. Africa against the Germans? How did the United States win the Battle of the Atlantic? How was the battle of Stalingrad a major turning point in the fight to defeat German forces in the Soviet Union?