Acids and Bases The pH scale What do vinegar, lemons, and orange juice have in common?

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Presentation transcript:

Acids and Bases The pH scale

What do vinegar, lemons, and orange juice have in common?

Characteristics of Acids Taste Sour React with metals Often produce hydrogen gas Can burn your skin

What do milk, Comet, and Tums have in common?

Characteristics of Bases Taste Bitter Feel Slippery Neutralize Acids –Antacids Dissolve grease

But, what exactly are acids and bases?

Substance that ionizes in water to give hydrogen ions (H + ) Acid

Examples of Acids HCl H 2 SO 4 HNO 3 HF Juices

Substance that ionizes in water to give hydroxide ions (OH - ) Base

Examples of Bases NaOH Ca(OH) 2 KOH Soap, Ammonia, Baking Soda

The pH Scale Measurement system that indicates the concentration of H + ions in solution. –The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

The pH Scale pH = “power of hydrogen” –Each step increases by a power of ten

pH Scale

Acidic Solutions Solutions with a pH below 7 are called acidic because they have more H + ions than OH - ions. The lower the pH, the greater the acidity.

Basic Solutions Solutions with a pH above 7 are called basic because they have more OH - ions than H + ions. The higher the pH, the more basic the solution.

pH Scale

pH and Water Why does water have a pH of 7? –H–Hydronium ions = hydroxide ions –(–(H + ) = (OH - ) H 2 0H + + OH -

pH paper

Litmus paper

Interesting fact… Water can act as an acid or a base!!!

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