The Jackson Era Goal Two Part 2

Topics to Consider Election of candidates/party/issue/outcome/significance Election of candidates/party/issue/outcome/significance The New Democratic Party – Martin Van Buren, new campaign strategies and practices The New Democratic Party – Martin Van Buren, new campaign strategies and practices Election of 1828(same information as above) Election of 1828(same information as above) The War on the Bank The War on the Bank Indian Removal Indian Removal Spoils system Spoils system Tariff of 1828 Tariff of 1828 The Whig Party The Whig Party The Jackson Legacy The Jackson Legacy

Andrew Jackson

Election of 1824 Candidates: John Quincy Adams (New England), William Crawford (Georgia), Andrew Jackson (Tennessee), Henry Clay (Kentucky) Candidates: John Quincy Adams (New England), William Crawford (Georgia), Andrew Jackson (Tennessee), Henry Clay (Kentucky) Party: Democratic Republican Party: Democratic Republican Issues: American System (internal improvements, tariff, bank), sectional issues, Issues: American System (internal improvements, tariff, bank), sectional issues, Outcome: Jackson secured the popular vote, but did not receive a majority of the electoral votes. Clay swung his support to Adams, and Adams won. Outcome: Jackson secured the popular vote, but did not receive a majority of the electoral votes. Clay swung his support to Adams, and Adams won. Significance: Second time an election was decided by the House (1800, 1824); illustrated sectional interests; Jackson claimed a “corrupt bargain” had occurred. Significance: Second time an election was decided by the House (1800, 1824); illustrated sectional interests; Jackson claimed a “corrupt bargain” had occurred.

The New Democratic Party Andrew Jackson relied on Martin Van Buren’s (New York) expertise as a politician. Andrew Jackson relied on Martin Van Buren’s (New York) expertise as a politician. Van Buren redesigned campaigning. He organized barbecues and rallies to gain public support for his candidate. Van Buren redesigned campaigning. He organized barbecues and rallies to gain public support for his candidate. The new party was named the Democratic Party. The new party was named the Democratic Party.

The Structure of the New Democratic Party Democrats developed a system of local and state committees and conventions. Democrats developed a system of local and state committees and conventions. Voters were wooed by public rallies. Voters were wooed by public rallies. The faithful were rewarded with government jobs (spoils system). This wasn’t new under Jackson, but he used it more than others had before him. The faithful were rewarded with government jobs (spoils system). This wasn’t new under Jackson, but he used it more than others had before him. Van Buren became the Secretary of State as a reward for his work in helping Jackson get elected. Van Buren became the Secretary of State as a reward for his work in helping Jackson get elected.

Martin Van Buren

How was the country more democratic after 1824? States were choosing their electors by popular vote. States were choosing their electors by popular vote. New state constitutions extended voting rights to more citizens. New state constitutions extended voting rights to more citizens. Caucuses were replaced by nominating conventions. Caucuses were replaced by nominating conventions. Voter turnout rose to record highs. Voter turnout rose to record highs. All Americans were not included in the expansion of democracy. Women, African Americans, and Native Americans were still disenfranchised. (In fact, many new constitutions actually took the vote away from free blacks.) All Americans were not included in the expansion of democracy. Women, African Americans, and Native Americans were still disenfranchised. (In fact, many new constitutions actually took the vote away from free blacks.)

Election of 1828 Democrats nominated Jackson Democrats nominated Jackson John Quincy Adams ran against Jackson. (Democratic Republicans) John Quincy Adams ran against Jackson. (Democratic Republicans) Jackson won. Jackson won. 56% of the popular vote and two thirds of the electoral votes went to Jackson; it was seen as the victory of the common man. 56% of the popular vote and two thirds of the electoral votes went to Jackson; it was seen as the victory of the common man. The inauguration party was so rowdy that Jackson had to be taken away for his saftey. The inauguration party was so rowdy that Jackson had to be taken away for his saftey.

Election of 1828 (continued) Issues: focus on the common man, sectional issues Issues: focus on the common man, sectional issues Significance: A new party emerged, Jackson claimed to favor states’ rights but used his role as executive very liberally. For example, he used his veto power more than any other president before him. Significance: A new party emerged, Jackson claimed to favor states’ rights but used his role as executive very liberally. For example, he used his veto power more than any other president before him.

The Fight Against the Bank Jackson saw the Bank of the U.S. as a tool for the rich, elite, north. Jackson saw the Bank of the U.S. as a tool for the rich, elite, north. He wanted to kill the Bank. He wanted to kill the Bank. He diverted federal funds to state banks, called “pet banks”. This effectively crippled the Bank of the U.S. He diverted federal funds to state banks, called “pet banks”. This effectively crippled the Bank of the U.S. Vetoed the 1832 bill calling for the renewal of the Bank of the U.S. Vetoed the 1832 bill calling for the renewal of the Bank of the U.S.

Jackson’s War on the Bank

War on the Bank Video Clip Jackson's war on the bank Jackson's war on the bank Jackson's war on the bank Jackson's war on the bank

Indian Removal Since Jefferson, U.S. policy toward the Native Americans had been assimilation. Since Jefferson, U.S. policy toward the Native Americans had been assimilation. Jackson favored removal. Jackson favored removal. Indian Removal Act, 1830 targeted the Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, and the Seminole. Indian Removal Act, 1830 targeted the Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, and the Seminole. Worcester vs. Georgia – Court ruled that Georgia’s land seizure was unconstitutional. Jackson’s response was, “John Marshal has made his decision; now let him enforce it.” Worcester vs. Georgia – Court ruled that Georgia’s land seizure was unconstitutional. Jackson’s response was, “John Marshal has made his decision; now let him enforce it.”

Indian Removal Act Map

Trail of Tears The Cherokee were forced to hike from the east coast lands to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). The Cherokee were forced to hike from the east coast lands to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). They traveled over 1000 miles. They traveled over 1000 miles. More than 4000 Cherokee perished on the journey. More than 4000 Cherokee perished on the journey.

Trail of Tears

Tariff of 1828 Called the Tariff of Abominations by the south Called the Tariff of Abominations by the south Called for the highest tariff on imports in America Called for the highest tariff on imports in America John C. Calhoun, in opposition to the tariff, resigned as Vice President, and wrote the document “South Carolina Exposition and Protest” calling for the nullification of the Tariff of 1828 and hinting at the possibility of secession if the tariff was not removed. John C. Calhoun, in opposition to the tariff, resigned as Vice President, and wrote the document “South Carolina Exposition and Protest” calling for the nullification of the Tariff of 1828 and hinting at the possibility of secession if the tariff was not removed.

Tariff, continued Jackson’s response was called the “olive branch and the sword”. Jackson’s response was called the “olive branch and the sword”. The olive branch was a promise to have a reduction in the tariff. This became the Tariff of The force was the promise of military action against any state that did not agree to follow the tariff law. The olive branch was a promise to have a reduction in the tariff. This became the Tariff of The force was the promise of military action against any state that did not agree to follow the tariff law. Jackson did want to support states’ rights and lower the tariff, but he did not believe in nullification. Jackson did want to support states’ rights and lower the tariff, but he did not believe in nullification. The nullification crisis passed, but not without damaging Jackson in the eyes of many. The nullification crisis passed, but not without damaging Jackson in the eyes of many.

John C. Calhoun

The Whig Party Because of the war on the Bank of the U.S. and Jackson’s use of his veto power, many began to see Jackson as a tyrant who exerted his authority in a way that was abusive to Congress. Because of the war on the Bank of the U.S. and Jackson’s use of his veto power, many began to see Jackson as a tyrant who exerted his authority in a way that was abusive to Congress. The opposition, led by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, formed a rival party, the Whig Party. The opposition, led by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, formed a rival party, the Whig Party. The Whigs were nationalists who favored strong federal government to manage the economy, a loose interpretation of the Constitution, protective tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank. The Whigs were nationalists who favored strong federal government to manage the economy, a loose interpretation of the Constitution, protective tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank.

Jackson’s Critics Andrew Jackson narrowly escapes assassination — History.com This Day in History — 1/30/1835 Andrew Jackson narrowly escapes assassination — History.com This Day in History — 1/30/1835 Andrew Jackson narrowly escapes assassination — History.com This Day in History — 1/30/1835 Andrew Jackson narrowly escapes assassination — History.com This Day in History — 1/30/1835 Jackson's Personality and Legacy — History.com Video Jackson's Personality and Legacy — History.com Video Jackson's Personality and Legacy — History.com Video Jackson's Personality and Legacy — History.com Video

Whig Party, continued The emergence of the Whigs renewed the two-party system. The emergence of the Whigs renewed the two-party system. The Whigs challenged Jacksonian Democrats in local, state, and national elections. The Whigs challenged Jacksonian Democrats in local, state, and national elections. The two-party rivalry brought even more voters to the polls. The two-party rivalry brought even more voters to the polls. In 1832, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay. Jackson won, however, in a landslide victory, and Martin Van Buren became his vice president. In 1832, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay. Jackson won, however, in a landslide victory, and Martin Van Buren became his vice president. Jackson continued his war on the bank, assisted by his Secretary of the Treasury, Roger B. Taney. When Marshall died in 1835, Taney was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Jackson continued his war on the bank, assisted by his Secretary of the Treasury, Roger B. Taney. When Marshall died in 1835, Taney was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

An Attempt on Jackson’s Life to-kill-andrew-jackson to-kill-andrew-jackson to-kill-andrew-jackson to-kill-andrew-jackson

The Legacy of the Jackson Era The formation of a strong two-party system The formation of a strong two-party system A greater extension of democracy to the common man A greater extension of democracy to the common man The forging of the idea of appealing to the masses when campaigning The forging of the idea of appealing to the masses when campaigning Expanded the scope of presidential authority (example: the kitchen cabinet) Expanded the scope of presidential authority (example: the kitchen cabinet) Favored the elimination of a national debt Favored the elimination of a national debt Laissez-faire approach to economics in the U.S. Laissez-faire approach to economics in the U.S.

The Jackson Era Jackson's Personality and Legacy — History.com Video#jacksons-personality- and-legacy Jackson's Personality and Legacy — History.com Video#jacksons-personality- and-legacy Jackson's Personality and Legacy — History.com Video#jacksons-personality- and-legacy Jackson's Personality and Legacy — History.com Video#jacksons-personality- and-legacy