Nationalism, Sectionalism, Era of Good Feelings

James Monroe  5 th President, 2 terms  VA  Era of Good Feelings  American Revolution Vet  Acquired Florida  Missouri Compromise  Monroe Doctrine

James Monroe  1816, defeated Rufus King  Good Feelings were misleading

Tariff of 1816  Economic nationalism: support growth  Increased tariffs to help U.S. manufacturers

Henry Clay’s American System  Kentucky, Congressman  Plan to help the nation’s economy Protective tariffs National bank Internal improvements  Internal improvements not in Constitution Madison & Monroe

Panic of 1819  1 st financial crisis  2 nd Bank tightened credit Stop inflation  Money deflated, state banks closed  Increased debt, bankruptcy, unemployment

Changes in Political Party  New versus Old ideology  Political division  Sectional differences

John Marshall’s Supreme Court Decisions  Federalist Alive  Favored federal government  Empowered federal government over states  McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)  Gibbons v Ogden (1821)  Dartmouth vs Woodward 1819

The West… Effects of the Louisiana Purchase  Acquisition of Native Americans’ lands  Economic pressures  Improved transportation  Immigration  Slavery extension?  Application for Statehood

Missouri applies for Statehood  1819  Issue of slavery was debated  Sectionalism  Even in the Senate  Southerners threatened  Henry Clay idea for “compromise”  Maine, Missouri, ’

Foreign Affairs During Monroe’s Presidency

Canada  Rush-Bagot 1817: disarmament pact, limited naval armament  Treaty of 1818: improved relations with the Brits Shared fishing rights Joint occupation of Oregon Territory Establish northern border

Florida & Spain  Transcontinental Treaty of 1819  Adams-Onis Treaty  Florida Purchase Treaty 1819  $5 Million  Andrew Jackson sent for the mission

Monroe Doctrine  US worried about Russia & other nations  Policy towards Europe & Latin America  “not lands to be colonized”  Europe can’t interfere in the W. Hemisphere

Impact  Applaud but soon forgotten  GB Foreign Secretary, George Canning Insulted Monarchs were angry  Historians made it more significant  Cornerstone of US foreign policy with L.A.

National Economy  Population increase  Vast area need for transportation Roads, canals, steamboats, railroads  Growth of industries Mid 1800, manufacturing surpassed agriculture

Manufacturing Industry  Mechanical inventions (Patent laws, Whitney)  Factory system Samuel Slater 1791 Taxes led to prosperous factories  Labor Competition w/ cheap land in west  Unions Help reduce long work day hrs

Agriculture  Commercial industry  “cash crops”  Eli Whitney 1793 Cotton Gin  Increase slaves

Effects of Market Revolutions  End of self-sufficiency  Developed more modern form of capitalism  Role of women changed slightly  Slavery became an issue.

Sectionalism

The North  NE, Middle States, and Old Northwest  Improved transportation  Higher, faster economical development Industries produced various products  More populous  Agricultural, grains  Societies with slaves

The South “King Cotton”  Slave societies “slavery: the peculiar institution”  Southern states  Agriculture foundation of economy  1800: 1mil – 1860: 4 mil  Cotton Gin= affordable cotton cloth

John Quincy Adams  6 th President  1 Term   Troubled presidency