TOBI, continued (continued) February 2, 2010

Languages! Polish2 Tagalog2 Urdu Spanish Afrikaans Korean Gujarati Italian Russian Swedish Also: Perception of palatalization in Irish Developing phonemic inventory in an 18 month-old

Agenda 1.Return homeworks. 2.Questions on course project? 3.The final pieces of the TOBI puzzle. 4.More transcription practice. 5.On Thursday, we will be in Craigie Hall D428. (the language lab)

Mystery Solved The Mystery Tone Language was the Amoy dialect of Min Nan, which is spoken in southern China. There are five tones in Min Nan (the mystery language): High Level5-5#3:#10: Mid Level3-3#4:#7: Low Falling2-1#5:#12: High Falling5-1#1:#6:#9: Low Rising2-3#2:#8:#11:

TOBI, so far 1.Pitch Accents H* and L* 2.Phrase Accents H- and L- 3.Boundary Tones H% and L% 4.Break Indices 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 5.Downstepping and Upstepping

Bitonal Pitch Accents In addition to H* and L*, there are three bitonal pitch accents. Here are the first two: L + H* L* + H The starred element denotes the tone which is associated with the stressed syllable. L + H* = high peak on stressed syllable, preceded by a sharp rise in pitch. L* + H = low pitch target on stressed syllable, followed by a sharp rise in pitch.

H* vs. L + H* Marianna won it. H* L + H* Note: informative vs. contrastive function

L* vs. L* + H Only a millionaire. Marianna made the marmalade. H* L* + HL-H% L* H-H%

L + H* vs. L* + H There’s a lovely one in Bloomingdale’s. L* + H L + H*

Filling the Gap Another feature of phrase accents is that they fill in the gap between the nuclear accent and the boundary of the intermediate phrase. L* + H L- H%

More Downstepping Bitonal pitch accents can also undergo downstepping. L + H* L + !H* L + !H*L-L%

H + !H* The final pitch accent in the TOBI inventory is H+!H*. This one often appears at the beginning of phrases.

Pitch-Accents Round-up There are five pitch accents: H* L* L + H* L* + H H + !H* The * attaches to stressed syllables. The final pitch accent in an intonational phrase is the nuclear accent. Generally perceived as more prominent.

Practice Time… public_html/ling441/TOBIlab3.html

A Chunking Review utterance intonational phrase(intonational phrase)... intermediate phrase(intermediate phrase)... (pitch accent)nuclear accent (stressed syllable)stressed syllable

Break Indices 4 marks boundaries between intonational phrases associated with a boundary tone (H% or L%) sense of complete disjuncture 3 marks boundaries between intermediate phrases associated with a phrase accent (H- or L-) lesser sense of disjuncture 1 marks boundaries between words 0 marks phonetic coarticulation between words (2 marks uncertainties or apparent mismatches) rarely used

0 Level Boundaries 0 level boundaries are marked wherever there is clear coarticulation across a word boundary Also for flaps across word boundaries, as in “got it”