Albany, NY Barry St. Leger “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne William Howe Three-Pronged Attack!

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Albany, NY Barry St. Leger “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne William Howe Three-Pronged Attack!

Albany, NY Barry St. Leger “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne William Howe Three-Pronged Attack!

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473 British Regulars 350 Hessians 1000 Native Americans Total = 1823 Approximately 700 relief militia 750 recruits and militia at Fort Stanwix Under somewhat of a siege from June to August Formal siege for 2 weeks by St. Leger, August 3rd VS

Albany, NY Barry St. Leger “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne William Howe Three-Pronged Attack!

olution/revgfx/morgan.jpg dict_arnold_illustration.jpg

Battle of Freeman’s Farm AmericansBurgoyne 14,000 men6,000 men Total Casualties: 350Total Casualties: 600

Battle of Bemis Heights AmericansBurgoyne Casualties: 150Casualties: 400

The dedication on the back reads : "Erected 1887 By JOHN WATTS de PEYSTER Brev: Maj: Gen: S.N.Y. 2nd V. Pres't Saratoga Mon't Ass't'n: In memory of the "most brilliant soldier" of the Continental Army who was desperately wounded on this spot the sally port of BORGOYNES GREAT WESTERN REDOUBT 7th October, 1777 winning for his countrymen the decisive battle of the American Revolution and for himself the rank of Major General."

 Surrender of Burgoyne to Gates  “I have the pleasure of send you Honourable Council the inclosed copy of a convention…”  “Convention Army”

Albany, NY Barry St. Leger “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne William Howe Three-Pronged Attack!

 Howe sends a plan to Lord George Germain on December 20, 1776  Burgoyne sends a plan to Germain on February 28, 1777 (approved)  Howe sends revision of his first plan on March 3, 1777 (approved)  Germain believed that Howe’s plan could be completed in time for him to carry out his role in Burgoyne’s plan  Howe not fully informed of Burgoyne’s plan  Howe is more senior than Burgoyne

 Why Philadelphia?  Largest city in English North America  Continental Congress location  Mild climate  Good harbor  Moved 17,000 men by ship  Campaign Plagued with Problems  Ship collisions, storms  Shortages of food, water, fodder  28 days at sea  Destroyed horses by dropping them overboard  Landed in Maryland for a full week of foraging before marching on

Battle of Brandywine Creek Washington 14,600 men 300 killed 600 wounded 400 captured Total casualties: 1300 Plus an estimated 350 deserted Howe 15,500 men 93 killed 488 wounded 6 missing Total casualties: 587

 September 26, 1777  Howe did not achieve what he had hoped  Congress moved to York, Pennsylvania  Most of the military supplies had been removed  Heavy Loyalist support had not appeared  Could not count on local forage.  The loss of Philadelphia was a blow to American moral

Battle of Germantown Washington 11,000 men 152 killed 521 wounded 438 captured Total Casualties: 1111 Howe 9,000 men 71 killed 448 wounded 14 missing Total Casualties: 533

Albany, NY Barry St. Leger “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne William Howe Three-Pronged Attack!

 Washington wintered in Valley Forge Valley Forge Valley Forge  Howe resigned and was replaced by Clinton  Upon return to England, criticized for actions in America  Demanded a formal Parliamentary inquiry—inconclusive  Remained somewhat active in the military, Parliament, local government

 Barry St. Leger  Stayed in Quebec until his death  Burgoyne went back to England in disgrace and never given a command again.  Demanded but never obtained a trial to defend his honor  The governorship of Fort William in Scotland, which he had held since 1769 was also taken away.  Continued as a notable playwright

 The British removed the supplies they could use from Valley Forge while foraging.  Destroyed or disabled the industrial buildings that could be of use to the American army.  According to papers filed by William Dewees the British had destroyed “a forge, saw mill, two large stone dwelling houses, two coal houses and 400 loads of coal, and 2,200 bushels of wheat and rye in the sheaf”  Also, problems with disease and breakdowns in the Continental supply system.  Starvation, disease, and exposure killed nearly 2,500 American soldiers