Chernobyl: 20 Years Later
1986: The year of the accident ► 26 April 1986, 1:23:00: A test of the cooling system begins in unit no. 4 of the Chernobyl power plant ► 26 April 1986, 1:23:40: The emergency shutdown fails. ► 26 April 1986, 1:23:44: The reactor in unit no. 4 runs out of control and explodes.
Why? ► Design flaws Lack of containment shell Positive void coefficient Graphite moderator ► Dangerous experiment
Immediate Soviet Reaction ► Unprepared officials at a local and national level exacerbated the problem ► Firefighters who went to put out the graphite fire were not told of lethal radiation levels ► Eventually the government acknowledged the disaster and ordered the evacuation of nearby Pripyat
The Sarcophagus ► A hastily-built concrete and steel structure ► Placed around the remains of Reactor 4 ► Shoddy construction; extremely unstable ► Plans are underway for a new, more permanent building
26 April to 4 May 1986: ► Most of the radiation was released in the first ten days. ► At first, northerly and northwesterly winds predominated. At the end of April the wind switched to the south and southeast. There were frequent but local showers. ► This resulted in a very varied regional and local distribution of the radiation.
Health and Physiological Consequences ► Increase in thyroid cancer ► Increase in other types of cancer ► Chronic Illness
A young thyroid cancer patient awaiting treatment at a center in Kiev After radiation therapy
Psychological Consequences ► Anxiety ► Depression ► Helplessness and despair leading to social withdrawal and loss of hope for the future. ► Other disorders attributable to mental stress
Environmental Effects
Food and Other Restrictions
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