Italian Unification Chapter 24 Section 1

Key Terms Giuseppe Marconi Camillo di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi Red shirts Victor Emmanuel

After the Congress of Vienna Prince Metternich wanted to maintain old Europe 15 years later Metternich said old Europe is nearing the end Nationalism a growing force during the 1800’s

After the Congress of Vienna Fostered by some of the decisions made at the congress Congress created political boundaries They ignored national groups Placed group under control of large empires

After Congress of Vienna Some had different ethnic groups Austria empire home to – Croats – Czechs – Germans – Hungarians – Italians – Poles – Serbs – Slovenes

After Congress of Vienna Italians split into three groups Much of northern Italy under Austrian rule Some Italian states under Hapsburg rule Some under French Rule Italian nationalism grew under opposition to this rule

Mazzini and Young Italy Artists,, writers, thinkers celebrate Italy’s traditions Italians in Austria formed secret societies Plotting overthrow of Austrian government 1831 Giuseppe Mazzini helped launch the group Young Italy

Mazzini and Young Italy Fight for the unification of Italian states He had been exiled for being outspoken Smuggled patriotic pamphlets into Italy Mazzini believed Europe needed to redraw the lines set by the Congress of Vienna

Mazzini and Young Italy Mazzini attracted tens of thousands of Italians Italy ready to unite behind a strong national leader

Uprisings and Revolutions Nationalists revolutions spread throughout Europe in 1848 State of Piedmont declared war against Austria and was defeated 1849 Revolutionaries seized Rome

Uprisings and Revolutions French troops helped Pope regain control Sardinia was the only successful revolution

Cavour and Sardinia Camillo di Cavour- leader for Italian reunification Thought Italian nationalist movement was strong enough to unite Italy Founded nationalist newspaper Il Risorgimento (rebirth)

Cavour and Sardinia 1852 Cavour becomes prime minister Believe thriving economy was important Believed Italy should be a monarchy Supported France in its war with Russia

Cavour and Sardinia France supported them with the war with Austria 1860 northern Italian states were liberated from Austria

The Red Shirts Giuseppe Garibaldi- was called the sword of Italy 1833 joined the Young Italy movement Learned guerilla warfare from his exile in South America Returned to Italy in 1854

The Red Shirts Named after their colorful uniforms Using guerilla warfare gained control of Sicily in 1860 Cavour annexed territory in central Italy 1870 French forced to withdraw troops from Rome

The Red Shirts Italian troops enter Rome Italy unified King Victor Emanuel their leader

Social and Economic Problems Strong regional differences led to lack of unity Italians resented being governed by Rome Rome became new capitol in 1871 Catholic church did not recognize Italy as a legitimate nation

Social and Economic Problems Pope prohibited Catholics from voting Poverty was a serious problem Rising taxes led to revolts Poverty led Italians to emigrate