沈阳师范大学 主讲人：王宇弘 欧洲历史与文明

The Influence of the Enlightenment 启蒙运动的影响 第八章 启蒙运动 The Enlightenment

The Meaning of Enlightened Despotism The Secular Outlook The Roots of Enlightened Despotism

启蒙运动的主要影响 Enlightened Despotism: France, Austria and Prussia Enlightened Despotism: Russia The British Reform Movement The American Revolution

The Failure of Enlightened Despotism in France 开明专制：法国 Tax Collection Louis ⅩⅥ

The Reforms of Maria Theresa and of Joseph Ⅱ in Austria 开明专制：奥地利 Internal consolidation of the empire

Joseph Ⅱ The “Revolutionary Emperor” Limitations of Joseph’s Reforms

Enlightened Despotism in Prussia 开明专制：普鲁士 Prussia under Frederick the Great Social stratification in Prussia

Enlightened Despotism in Russia 开明专制：俄罗斯 The Reforms of Catherine the Great Territorial Expansion An Evaluation of Catherine’s Reign

Enlightened Despotism in Russia 叶卡捷琳娜大帝 An Evaluation of Catherine’s Reign

The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism 开明专制的局限性 To some extent enlightened despotism favored equality before the law. But the king was after all a hereditary aristocrat himself, and no government can be revolutionary to the point of breaking up its own foundations.

The British Reform Movement Liberty and Equality Parliamentary Politics The Reform Movement

The American Revolution 启蒙思想的延伸：美国革命

The American Revolution The Declaration of Independence Significance of American Revolution Vindication of Enlightenment Ideas

Thank You!