Felipe Rebolledo Juan Camilo Garcia 10R Contraceptives Felipe Rebolledo Juan Camilo Garcia 10R

Contraceptives The term contraception is a contraction of contra, which means against, and the word conception, meaning fertilization. It is intentional prevention of conception by artificial or natural means. Artificial methods in common use include preventing the sperm from reaching the ovum.

The Pill They are prescribed by a doctor and come either in a combination pill with the hormones estrogen and progestin or in the form of progestin only. These pills stop ovulation from taking place, and they also block sperm cells by thickening cervical mucus. These come in 21, 28, and 91 day types. Although this method of contraception is effective at preventing pregnancy, it does not prevent sexually transmitted diseases.

Diaphragm A diaphragm is a dome-shaped rubber device that is placed over the cervix before intercourse. Spermicide chemicals (which are chemicals that destroy sperms)  are placed in it to kill any sperm cells that enter the vagina.

Abstinence According to the American Pregnancy Association, abstinence is the only contraceptive method that is 100% effective in the prevention of both pregnancy and the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. This involves voluntarily abstaining from sex.

Intrauterine Device An IUD is a small, T-shaped plastic device that is wrapped in copper or contains hormones. The IUD is inserted into your uterus by your doctor. A plastic string tied to the end of the IUD hangs down through the cervix into the vagina. You can check that the IUD is in place by feeling for this string. The string is also used by your doctor to remove the IUD. Types of IUDs Hormonal IUD. The hormonal IUD, such as Mirena, releases levonorgestrel, which is a form of the hormone progestin. The hormonal IUD appears to be slightly more effective at preventing pregnancy than the copper IUD. The hormonal IUD is effective for at least 5 years. Copper IUD. The most commonly used IUD is the copper IUD. Copper wire is wound around the stem of the T-shaped IUD. The copper IUD can stay in place for at least 10 years and is a highly effective form of contraception.

Contraceptive Sponge Sponges work in two ways. First, the sponge is inserted into the vagina, so it can cover the cervix and prevent any sperm from entering the uterus. Secondly, the sponge is produced with spermicide already inside of it, which is used to prevent the sperm from moving.  Sponges provide no protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Male Condom Is a barrier device most commonly used during sexual intercourse Reduce the probability of pregnancy and spreading sexually transmitted diseases (STDs—such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV). It is put on a man's erect penis and physically blocks ejaculated semen from entering the body of a sexual partner.

Female Condom Female condom is a pouch 17cm (6.5 inches) in length. At each end there is a flexible ring. At the closed end of the sheath, the flexible ring is inserted into the vagina to hold the female condom in place. The other end of the sheath stays outside the vulva at the entrance to the vagina. This ring acts as a guide during penetration and it also stops the sheath from moving up inside the vagina.