Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material Ch. 5.2.

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Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material Ch. 5.2

Sugars  Used as an energy source  Carbohydrate_ – ______________ _______________________________________  C:_____, H:_____, O:_____  (___________)  Formed from ______________ (_____________)

Monosaccharides  ______________ sugar unit  Examples: glucose, fructose, galactose  “______________________”  Broken down to make ______________________  ___________________  Adkins diet??  Glucose molecules that are not used immediately by cells are _________________________________

Structure of Glucose (monosaccharide)

Disaccharides  DISACCHARIDE  ‘____________________;’ formed from ______________________  _______________________ reaction occurs (____________________).  Most common is _________________  _______________ is made up of ____________ and _______________  _______________, _______________ (therefore maple syrup has sucrose)

Structure of Sucrose (disaccharide) Notice that the disaccharide is made up from 2 monosaccharides: glucose AND fructose

Polysaccharides  _________________________________________ are called POLYSACCHARIDES  Known as ___________________ carbohydrates  Three Types:  STARCH: ____________________/energy found only in _________________ (potatos, rice, corn), not ____________ (_______________)  GLYCOGEN  ___________________ in __________________ of _______________  CELLULOSE  _____________________ in ____________; made from sugars  We call cellulose _____________’ (we can’t digest it)  Passes through digestive system unchanged  Helps keep digestive system healthy but not as a nutrient

Overall:  Carbohydrates are _______________ = H 2 O loving  Monosaccharides and disaccharides dissolve in ______  Cellulose and some forms of starch don’t dissolve in water but are still hydrophilic  Ex.: T-shirts and jeans  Mostly _____________  This is why towels absorb so much water  ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________

Concept Check  Explain the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide. Give an example of each.  Compare and contrast starch, glycogen, and cellulose.  How do animals store excess glucose molecules?