NRL09/21/2004_Davis.1 CIOSS/COAST GOES-R Risk Reduction Activities for HES-CW CIOSS: Cooperative Institute for Oceanographic Satellite Studies, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon COAST: Coastal Ocean Applications and Science Team, Mark Abbott Team Leader, Curtiss Davis Executive Director

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.2 COAST and Risk Reduction Activities The Coastal Ocean Applications and Science Team (COAST) was created in August 2004 to support NOAA to develop coastal ocean applications for HES-CW: –Mark Abbott, Dean of the College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences (COAS) at Oregon State University is the COAST team leader, –COAST activities are managed through the Cooperative Institute for Oceanographic Satellite Studies (CIOSS) a part of COAS, Ted Strub, Director –Curtiss Davis, Senior Research Professor at COAS, is the Executive Director of COAST. Initial activity to evaluate HES-CW requirements and suggest improvements Paul Menzel Presented GOES-R Risk Reduction Program at the first COAST meeting in September 2004 and invited COAST to participate. –Curt Davis and Mark Abbott presented proposed activities in Feb –CIOSS/COAST invited to become part of GOES-R Risk Reduction Activity beginning in FY –Proposal Submitted to NOAA Sept 6, 2005

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.3 Why HES-CW given VIIRS? Tides, diel winds (such as the land/sea breeze), river runoff, upwelling and storm winds drive coastal currents that can reach several knots. Furthermore, currents driven by diurnal and semi-diurnal tides reverse approximately every 6 hours. VIIRS daily sampling at the same time cannot resolve tides, diurnal winds, etc. HES-CW will provide the capability to view coastal waters from a geostationary platform that will provide the management and science community with a unique capability to observe the dynamic coastal ocean environment. HES-CW will provide higher spatial resolution (300 m vs m) HES-CW will provide additional channels to measure solar stimulated fluorescence, suspended sediments, CDOM and improved atmospheric correction. HES-CW compliments VIIRS global coverage Example tidal cycle from Charleston, OR. Black arrows VIIRS sampling, red arrows HES-CW sampling. Example tidal cycle from Charleston, OR. Black arrows VIIRS sampling, red arrows HES-CW sampling. These improvements are critical for the analyses of coastal waters.

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.4 COAST proposed new HES-CW Channel Specifications

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.5 Frequency of Sampling and Prioritizing Goal Requirements COAST top priority goals are: –Higher frequency of sampling –Goal channels for atmospheric correction –Hyperspectral instead of multispectral Threshold requirement is to sample all Hawaii and Continental U. S. coastal waters once every three hours during daylight –Plus additional hourly sampling of selected areas Goal requirement is hourly sampling of all U.S. coastal waters is strongly recommended, for cloud clearing and to better resolve coastal ocean dynamics. Goal requirements compete with each other, e.g. higher spatial resolution makes it harder to increase sampling frequency or SNR. Threshold requirement is to sample all Hawaii and Continental U. S. coastal waters once every three hours during daylight –Plus additional hourly sampling of selected areas Goal requirement is hourly sampling of all U.S. coastal waters is strongly recommended, for cloud clearing and to better resolve coastal ocean dynamics. Goal requirements compete with each other, e.g. higher spatial resolution makes it harder to increase sampling frequency or SNR. HES-CW built to the threshold requirements will be a dramatic improvement over present capabilities for coastal imaging.

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.6 Risk Reduction Activities: Principal Roles of Co-Investigators Curtiss Davis, program management, calibration, atmospheric correction Mark Abbott, COAST Team Leader Ricardo Letelier, phytoplankton productivity and chlorophyll fluorescence, data management Peter Strutton, coastal carbon cycle, Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Ted Strub, CIOSS Director, coastal dynamics, links to IOOS COAST Participants: Bob Arnone, NRL, optical products, calibration, atmospheric correction, data management Paul Bissett, FERI, optical products, data management Heidi Dierssen, U. Conn., benthic productivity Raphael Kudela, UCSC, HABs, IOOS Steve Lohrenz, USM, suspended sediments, HABs Oscar Schofield, Rutgers U., product validation, IOOS, coastal models Heidi Sosik, WHOI, productivity and optics Ken Voss, U. Miami, calibration, atmospheric correction, optics NOAA/ORA Menghua Wang, atmospheric correction Mike Ondrusek, Calibration, MOBY

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.7 Risk Reduction Activities Approach to Algorithm Development –Experience with Hyperion and airborne hyperspectral sensors –Field Experiments to collect prototype HES-CW data Planned Risk Reduction activities: –Calibration and vicarious calibration –Atmospheric correction –Optical properties –Phytoplankton chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence and productivity –Benthic productivity –Coastal carbon budget –Harmful algal blooms –Data access and visualization –Education and public outreach

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.8 HES-CW Data flow and Risk Reduction Activities Raw sensor data Calibrated radiances at the sensor Water Leaving Radiances In-Water Optical Properties Applications and products Users Calibration Atmospheric Correction Optical properties Algorithms Product models and algorithms now-cast and forecast models Data assimilation into models Education and outreach

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.9 Approach to Algorithm Development Directly involve the ocean color community which has extensive algorithm development experience with SeaWiFS and MODIS –NASA funded science teams developed, tested and validated calibration, atmospheric correction and product algorithms –Additional product development and testing funded by U. S. Navy –SeaWiFS procedures and algorithms documented in series of NASA Tech memos and numerous publications –MODIS algorithms documented in Algorithm Theoretical Basis Documents (ATBDs) –Algorithms are continuously evaluated and updated; SeaWiFS and MODIS data routinely reprocessed to provide Climate Data Records with latest algorithms Design program to assure compatibility of HES-CW products with VIIRS –VIIRS algorithms based on MODIS ATBDs –Similar calibration and atmospheric correction approaches –Use the same ocean calibration sites for vicarious calibration Initial plans and algorithms based on SeaWiFS and MODIS experience modified to fit HES-CW in geostationary orbit. Advanced algorithms tested and implemented when available. Early tests planned using airborne hyperspectral data.

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.10 Proposed Experiments to Collect Simulated HES-CW data (1 of 2) There are no existing data sets that include all the key attributes of HES-CW data: –Spectral coverage (.4 – 2.4 mm) –High signal-to-noise ratio (>300:1 prefer 900:1, for ocean radiances) –High spatial resolution (<150 m, bin to 300 m) –Hourly or better revisit Propose field experiments in FY to develop the required data sets for HES-CW algorithm and model development. Airborne system: –Hyperspectral imager that can be binned to the HES-CW bands –Flown at high altitude for 20 km x 20 km scenes every 30 min –Endurance to collect repeat flight lines every half hour for up to 6 hours –Spectroscopy Aerial Mapping System with On-Board Navigation (SAMSON) Hyperspectral Imager (Florida Environmental Research Inst.) Propose three experimental sites: –2006 Monterey Bay (August-September, coastal upwelling, HABs) –2007 New York/Mid Atlantic Bight (August, river input, urban aerosols) –2008 Mississippi River Plume (Sediment input, HABs)

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.11 Proposed Experiments to collect simulated HES-CW data (2 of 2) Experimental Design –Choose sites with IOOS or other long term monitoring and modeling activities –Intensive effort for 2 weeks to assure that all essential parameters are measured: -Supplement standard measurements at the site with shipboard or mooring measurements of water-leaving radiance, optical properties and products expected from HES-CW algorithms, -Additional atmospheric measurements as needed to validate atmospheric correction parameters, -As needed, enhance modeling efforts to include bio-optical models that will utilize HES-CW data. –Aircraft overflights for at least four clear days and one partially cloudy day (to evaluate cloud clearing) during the two week period. -High altitude to include 90% or more of the atmosphere -30 min repeat flight lines for up to 6 hours to provide a time series for models and to evaluate changes with time of day (illumination, phytoplankton physiology, etc.) All data to be processed and then distributed over the Web for all users to test and evaluate algorithms and models.

NRL09/21/2004_Davis.12 Summary HES-CW will provide an excellent new tool for the characterization and management of the coastal ocean. We will build on extensive experience in calibration, atmospheric correction, algorithm development from SeaWiFS and MODIS and continuing with VIIRS to provide the necessary algorithms for HES-CW. Planned Activities focus on calibration and algorithm development; –Initially utilize existing data sets including SeaWiFS and MODIS, – field experiments to develop example HES-CW data for -algorithm development and testing, -Coordination with IOOS for in-situ data and coastal ocean models, -Demonstrate terabyte web-based data system. –Initially provide SeaWiFS and MODIS heritage calibration and algorithms; -Calibration approach includes vicarious calibration, -Heritage band-ratio algorithms. –Major focus on developing advanced algorithms that take advantage of HES-CW unique characteristics. Efforts coordinated with NOAA ORA, NMFS and NOS with a focus on meeting their operational needs.