Experiences in conducting TNA PERU Claudia Figallo Department of Climate Change, Desertification and Hydrological Resources Ministry of the Environment

Perú Regions land area: 1,285,215 km²

Peru – one of the countries most affected by climate change Adaptation made difficult because of many variables (topography, climate, biodiversity, ecosystems). Peru’s economy is hyper-susceptible to its use of natural resources. It is further aggravated because Peru is a developing country Most of the population live on the coast – arid.

0.5% is located around Lake Titicaca where 5% of the population live 97.7% of Peru’s water derives from the Amazon basin, where 30% of the population live 1.8% is located on the Pacific coast, where 65% of the population live

Strategic choice of priority sectors - adaptation & mitigation   Review national information Characterize subsectors Define criteria Prioritizing IN PROGRESS

Technical & Administrative Assistance CONCYTEC General coordination Step 1:Organisation Directive Committee (parallel process) Technical & Administrative Assistance CONCYTEC General coordination Consultancy Coast Andes Mountains Amazon Basin NCCC – Technical Group of Science & Technology and other experts - national and sub-national level Team TNA Perú Sub-national Level

Step 2: National Priorities Millennium Development Goals 1 y 7- 2001 UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol - 1997 National strategy of CC (D.S. Nº 086-2003-PCM) First TNA Peru (2003) –Mitigation National System Law of Environmental Management(Law Nº 28245) - 2004 General law of Environment (Law Nº 28611) - 2005 Social, economic and environmental development plan (2011-2021)-CEPLAN National environmental policy (D.S Nº012-2009-MINAM) – 2005 Ministry of the Environment- 2008 Action plan of adaptation and mitigation against CC (RM N° 238-2010-MINAM) National action plan of environment – PLANAA (R.M Nº244-2010-MINAM) National water resources policy on climate change Agenda of Investigation into climate change - 2009 National strategy on Desertification (under review) -2011 National strategy on climate change 2011-2021 (under review) -2011

Step 3: Global Scheme Technologies 2 technologies Technologies Subsector 1 Technologies USCUSF- Forests Multi-criteria analysis Subsector 2 MITIGATION Waste – solid waste 2 technologies Agriculture – enteric fermentation & agricultural land Energy - transport Water Subsector 3 Subsector 1 Subsector 2 Subsector 4 Technologies 6 technologies Multi-criteria analysis Agriculture ADAPTATION Biodiversity Fisheries Etc.

Selected Sectors: Why? Mitigation - GHG Adaptation - Vulnerability Forest - Conservation Hydrological resources The highest in GHG emissions (2000) 110 368 Gg CO2 eq 52.3% territory is primary forest Prevents the loss of biodiversity, controls soil erosion and regulates the water cycle Forest conservation reduces vulnerability to climate change Alterations to the hydrological balance - increase or decrease of precipitation Very sensitive to change in climate. Used by both the general population and production sectors. High pressure by agriculture (80%), domestic, industrial (18%) and mining (2%). High demand for hydrological resources is greatest in areas where supply is low.

Hydrological resources: general considerations “International Conference on Traditional Knowledge and Living Heritage” 11-12 July 2009, Florence Major emphasis in technology needs for adaptation Focus on river systems Traditional knowledge

Hydrological resources: Sub-sectors Supply of hydrological resources Quantity (glaciers) Quality Uses -demand Agriculture and animal husbandry Energy production Domestic use Hydro-meteorological extremes General measures Early warning systems Reinforcement of river banks Flood prevention The analysis is carried out taking into account supply and demand as a factor of climate change. Possible consequences include: -Droughts -Flooding -Decrease in water reserves -Decrease in soil fertility

Hydrological resources: Sub-sectors Supply Quality (1) Construct reservoirs and channels Protect and restore wetlands Effluent reduction Promote ‘green’ fertilizers Quantity (2) Receding glaciers Increase in reservoir capacity Water treatment Channelling from one river system to another. Channelling of glacial water Efficient use of water Better use of grey water. Collect rain and glacial water Replenishment of aquifers (water table) Improve soil conservation (flooding) Flood control Better use of flood waters i.e. Irrigation and human consumption Use melt water

Hydrological resources: Sub-sectors Demand - uses Domestic and urban (3) Reduce wastage Sanitation not based on water Implementation of strict water standards Hydro-energy (4) Increase turbine efficiency Agriculture (5) Use of grey water Use drought-resistant crops Improvement in drainage systems –stops soil erosion Maintain mountain wetlands -”bofedales “ Change cultivation practices Increase efficiency of irrigation Increase the price for irrigation water Hydro-meteorological extremes (6) Risk associated to water Early warning systems Optimize readiness in case of extreme events Reinforcement of river banks Flood prevention

Forest: Sub-sectors Forest Enhancing conservation and management of carbon stocks Afforestation -projects Silviculture improvement Reducing pressure Agro-forestry management Improvement of productivity of some crops (cacao, coffee, etc.) and seed management Improvement of efficiency in agricultural productivity and animal husbandry Improvement of efficiency in the forestry industry. Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) for REDD+ Threats to natural forest Geographic Information Systems -GIS Methodologies for quantifying carbon stocks Deforestation -monitoring changes in land use

Criteria for prioritization of adaptation sub-sectors Environmental Economic Socio-cultural Criteria Score Weight Contribution to sector vulnerability 9 20% Contribution to GDP 10 Major contribution to social equity 30% Level of conflict generated by the use of water 6 Growth potential & future market perspectives Contribution to food safety & hygiene 25% Adaptation capacity level regarding climate change 7 40% Contribution to growth level in relation to reduction in poverty (capacity to generate employment) 35% Major contribution to local, regional & national identity Level of problems shared with climate change repercussions relating to water resources, energy, infrastructure & health 8 General reduction in level due to major economic vulnerability Major sensitivity & work organised in adaptation to climate change   Environmental Criteria Score 7.4 60% Economic Criteria Score 7.65 Socio-Cultural Criteria Score 7.55 4.44 1.53 1.51 FINAL SCORE 7.48

Criteria for prioritization of mitigation sub-sectors Environmental Economic Socio-cultural Criteria Score Weight Contribution to GHG emissions 9 20% Contribution to fossil energy replacement 10 Major contribution to social equity 25% Contribution to reduce GHG emissions 6 Growth potential & future market perspectives 30% Contribution to food safety & hygiene Contribution to soil degradation 7 40% Contribution to growth level in relation to reduction in poverty (capacity to generate employment) Major contribution to local, regional & national identity Indirect contribution to reduce GHG emissions 8 Collateral positive impacts on the economy Major sensitivity & work organised in adaptation to climate change   Environmental Criteria Score 7.4 60% Economic Criteria Score 7.55 Socio-Cultural Criteria Score 7.45 4.44 1.51 1.49 FINAL SCORE 7.44 REVISAR ESTA DIAPOSITIVA primeras columnas

LESSONS LEARNED AND GOOD PRACTICES HUMAN RESOURCES AND CAPACITIES Multi-disciplinary Team Specialists in environment, economics, technology, sociology, politics – participated in the process of NCCC, social, economic and environmental development project, investigation, etc. Experienced in field work on a national basis Identify and cover the minimum-required capacities for project coordination Efficient project coordination Permanent support Strengthen capacities

LESSONS LEARNED AND GOOD PRACTICES INPUT, MATERIAL AND TOOLS Insufficient data Invest in gathering “up to date” information. Get sufficient personnel/staff, infrastructure, methods. And systematise it for ease of use. Maximise support resources Assessment of UNEP Regional Centre Learn from other countries’ experiences or projects in ejecution Tools Mitigation & adaptation initiatives, CNCC2, UNEP CONCYTEC Database and other information (policies, laws, etc.)

LESSONS LEARNED AND GOOD PRACTICES PROCESSES Workplan Detailed tasks and responsibilities (organisation); identify actors and roles; focus on method (level-participation) Establish a communication procedure (MINAM, CONCYTEC, Consultants, UNEP and participant actors). ‘Be in touch’ Follow-up to the consultants’ activities Concise instructions must be given Avoid single-mindedness (focus on strategic priorities-NCCC2, ODM, Inv Agenda, etc.) Review the results Define the aims and terms of the project and communicate them to all actors Define the meaning “sector” within the project context. “Construct” over pre existing experience and data, and local interest. Consider the complexity of a biodiversity country in selecting a number of sectors

THANK YOU VERY MUCH Claudia Figallo cfigallo@minam.gob.pe