Chapter Outline Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1991 ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. Competing.

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Chapter Outline Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. Competing Economic Models II. The Cold War: III. Vietnam and Afghanistan: IV. M. S. Gorbachev and the End of Bipolarity, V. Decolonization

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. Competing Economic Models 1944, Bretton Woods Conference >United Nations 44 Countries A. A New Capitalist Framework International Montery Fund International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade B. The Soviet Alternative COMECON

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc.

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Cold War: A. The Roots of the Cold War B. The Cold War in Europe, to 1953 Yalta Conference Pact mutual accusations of violations by 1948, satellites: Warsaw, East Berlin, Prague, Budapest, Bucharest, Sofia, Tirana Germany, Britain and U.S. merge > Bizonia French join > divided Germany: Iron Curtain

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Cold War: B. The Cold War in Europe, to 1953 Truman Doctrine, 1947 aid to Greece, Turkey = entry into Cold War Policy of containment Marshall Plan aid for Europe Dodge Plan - Japan Russia blockades Berlin lifted, 1949 > Federal Republic of Germany, Western German Democratic Republic, Soviet North Atlantic Treaty Alliance, Warsaw Pact

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The Cold War: C. China and Korea, Mao Zedong Korea split June, North Korea invades South UN in, D. The Krushchev Years, Death of Stalin > collective leadership: Lavrenti Beria Georgi Malenkov Vyacheslav Molotov 1956, 21st Party Congress "Crimes of the Stalin Era" Soviet Triumphs Sputnik ICBMs E. Krushchev and Kennedy Bay of Pigs > Soviet missiles in Cuba

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Vietnam and Afghanistan: A. The Americanization of the Vietnamese Civil War Increased U.S. presence 500,000 U.S. troops by Accord withdrawal of U.S. troops offensive from Hanoi B. Repercussions of the U.S. Failure 1970, Cambodia Communists take Cambodia, Laos Khmer Rouge - Pol Pot Khmer Rouge expelled by 1994

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Vietnam and Afghanistan: C. The USSR's Vietnam: Afghanistan 1978, USSR and Vietnam's "Friendship Treaty" President Hafizullah Amin supported by Soviets 1979, his regime threatened December, 1979, USSR takes Kabul Babrak Kamal installed Mujahideen resistance supported by Saudi Arabia, U.S. 1989, Soviet withdrawal Civil war continues Taliban Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. M. S. Gorbachev and the End of Bipolarity, Mikhail Gorbachev, , meeting with Reagan > Intermediate Nuclear Forces agreement, 1987 = End of Cold War 1991, Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty 1989, withdrawal from Afghanistan

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. Decolonization A. Asia French Rule, Indochina (Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam) continues Cambodia, Laos autonomous after World War II Ho Chi Minh, Republic of Vietnam War 1950, U.S. troops in Republic of South Vietnam Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) anti-communist B. The Middle East and North Africa World War II hastens decolonization Iran Mohammad Mosaddeq oil nationalized Shah forced to flee military coup sponsored by CIA Tunisia, Egypt Habib Bourguiba, Abdel Gamel Nasser nationalist movements National Liberation Front (FLN) > fall of Fourth Republic Suez Crisis French, English, Israelis v. Nasser U.S., Soviet Union support Nasser

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. Decolonization C. Sub-Saharan Africa Gold Coast leads 1945, Constitution Legislative Council United Gold Coast Convention Kwame Nkrumah > Convention People's Party, CPP wins elections > 1957, Britain grants elections > Ghana France, Belgium, Portugal retain control Guinea the exception Sekou Touré 1958, Independence > 13 French colonies independent Angola independence D. The United Nations: Midwife for Independence Movements Great Britain, U.S Charter 51 members > 191, 2002 Organization Security Counci8l General Assembly Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council International Court of Justice Secretariat Secretary-general Big Five U.S., U.S.S.R., China, France, Great Britain Security Council - 11 members Big Five permanent Six elected for two-year terms

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 32: Cold War and Decolonization, ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Fortune magazine, May, 1954