CH 2 EUROPE’S HIGH MIDDLE AGES

THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066 ce For the throne of England The Bayeux Tapestry Propaganda bias 1066 ce For the throne of England The Bayeux Tapestry Propaganda bias WILLIAM VS HAROLD

THE FEUDAL SYSTEM Based on the three “F”s Fief - land Fealty- loyalty Faith - religion The Feudal Contract A series of obligations to each other bonded by an “Oath of Allegiance.” The monarch parcelled out blocks of land. Based on the three “F”s Fief - land Fealty- loyalty Faith - religion The Feudal Contract A series of obligations to each other bonded by an “Oath of Allegiance.” The monarch parcelled out blocks of land.

MEDIEVAL HIERARCHY MONARCH (King) GREATER NOBLES (Barons) LESSER NOBLES MINOR NOBLES COMMONERS (Serfs/Freeholders)

THE MANOR KEY TERMS Self-sufficient - mills, tannery, bakehouse,well, blacksmith,church. Sustainable Lord’s demesne Bailiffs Three field system Fallow KEY TERMS Self-sufficient - mills, tannery, bakehouse,well, blacksmith,church. Sustainable Lord’s demesne Bailiffs Three field system Fallow

ORDINARY PEOPLE Serfs and freeholders did much of the work but had the least. Serfs donated 2-3 days/week labour calories/day => bread & beer. Small homes with dirt floor and 1 room. No power or water and little furniture. Hard lives - men, woman and child worked. Serfs and freeholders did much of the work but had the least. Serfs donated 2-3 days/week labour calories/day => bread & beer. Small homes with dirt floor and 1 room. No power or water and little furniture. Hard lives - men, woman and child worked.

LORD AND LADY OF THE MANOR Lived well in comparison but still a simple life. Had many privileges - servants, falcons, horses, troubadours, furniture. Obligations - provide knights, to marry and have children(marriage = power, not love), provide the necessities. Boys were a priority - the land went to the eldest son. Women had few rights. Widows maintained land many refused to remarry. Lived well in comparison but still a simple life. Had many privileges - servants, falcons, horses, troubadours, furniture. Obligations - provide knights, to marry and have children(marriage = power, not love), provide the necessities. Boys were a priority - the land went to the eldest son. Women had few rights. Widows maintained land many refused to remarry.

BELIEF AND DEVOTION Almost all Western Europeans were Christians. People would be judged after death. Heaven or Hell ?!?! No important event could proceed without God’s blessing. Their place in society was all part of God’s plan. Almost all Western Europeans were Christians. People would be judged after death. Heaven or Hell ?!?! No important event could proceed without God’s blessing. Their place in society was all part of God’s plan.

THE CHURCH Christians could only practice through the church. The worst thing that could happen was to be excommunicated. Seven Deadly Sins - (pride, anger, envy, greed, lust, gluttony, & sloth) The church had considerable power – even monarchs. The church collected tithes. 10% of income Some clergy became very wealthy Christians could only practice through the church. The worst thing that could happen was to be excommunicated. Seven Deadly Sins - (pride, anger, envy, greed, lust, gluttony, & sloth) The church had considerable power – even monarchs. The church collected tithes. 10% of income Some clergy became very wealthy

MEDIEVAL LAW Trial by Ordeal & Trial by Battle God would determine innocence Manor Courts- settled minor disputes usually to do with farming or property. Royal Courts – dealt with serious crimes such as murder, treason, rape and burglary. Used common law. Church Courts – tried the clergy. Usually gave out lighter sentences. Trial by Ordeal & Trial by Battle God would determine innocence Manor Courts- settled minor disputes usually to do with farming or property. Royal Courts – dealt with serious crimes such as murder, treason, rape and burglary. Used common law. Church Courts – tried the clergy. Usually gave out lighter sentences.

MEDIEVAL GEOGRAPHY Most were uneducated and knew very little of the world. Journeys were dangerous and outlaws were common. T-O maps placed Jerusalem at the center of the map. Marco Polo Silk Road - China Most were uneducated and knew very little of the world. Journeys were dangerous and outlaws were common. T-O maps placed Jerusalem at the center of the map. Marco Polo Silk Road - China

THE CRUSADES European Christians fought the Muslims for control over the Holy Land (Palestine) Seven crusades in total. Reasons to fight – place in heaven, wealth, land, adventure, excitement. Results – new ideas brought home, trade, knowledge, further exploration. European Christians fought the Muslims for control over the Holy Land (Palestine) Seven crusades in total. Reasons to fight – place in heaven, wealth, land, adventure, excitement. Results – new ideas brought home, trade, knowledge, further exploration.

ROYAL POWER AND DEMOCRACY By custom the monarch had power. The Feudal Code kept him honest to the Barons who would attack if corrupt. A time when family honour was of great importance. By custom the monarch had power. The Feudal Code kept him honest to the Barons who would attack if corrupt. A time when family honour was of great importance.

ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE Most famous woman in Europe. Queen of both France and England. Fought in crusades and promoted women’s rights – both uncommon. Spent 16 yrs. in prison. treason against her husband. her sons included Richard the Lion-Hearted and King John I. Most famous woman in Europe. Queen of both France and England. Fought in crusades and promoted women’s rights – both uncommon. Spent 16 yrs. in prison. treason against her husband. her sons included Richard the Lion-Hearted and King John I.

KING JOHN – The Robin Hood villain Lost the people’s support when fought with the Pope. Excommunicated the King and placed England under an interdict (no religious ceremonies). Broke Feudal Code with Barons. Raised taxes and hired army to fight his own people. The people rebelled and forced him to sign the Magna Carta The first step towards democracy. Lost the people’s support when fought with the Pope. Excommunicated the King and placed England under an interdict (no religious ceremonies). Broke Feudal Code with Barons. Raised taxes and hired army to fight his own people. The people rebelled and forced him to sign the Magna Carta The first step towards democracy.