2/27/2015 I/O – Examine Japan in the context of the New Age of Imperialism Key Question: What impact does contact with the Western Powers (United States) have on Japan? Key terms: Tokugawa Shogunate; Meiji Restoration CSS: 2;5 Staple and hand in “Elephant” Essay Homework #7: Black Man’s Burden Assignment – Monday, March 1st

Japanese Imperialism 1848 in Japan (JN) Unindustrialized & isolated Tokugawa Shogunate (TS) In power in since 1600 Japan

Transition Point: Tokugawa Shogunate In power from 1600-1868 Ended Feudal warfare Centralized feudal government Power in brought in Got Shoguns to stop fighting Why is this key???

Japan: Tokugawa Shogunate Impact of this Age Ends wars between various Shoguns Roads built = expansion of trade Technology leads to more crops grown Towns and cities Grow Demand makes merchants rich But, Japan remains isolated to protect them from Western influence

Meiji Japan: Five Big Ideas: We will see an end to Japan’s Cultural isolation in this Age of Imperialism Key Question: does Japan refuse to modernize and preserve their culture, or... Do they take steps to “catch up” with the US and other imperial nations, and control their own destiny??? Remember that Great Britain and other European Imperialists had a foot hold in China and the far East The United States will lead the charge to Japan, because they see it as a stepping stone to China

Japan: The Meiji Restoration Where/When? Japan Meiji Restoration: 1850 - 1900 China, Vietnam, Philippines and Korea will be impacted.

Japan: Meiji Restoration What Factors? Why Now? The Far East is rich in resources and labor: Imperialists want more!!! Japan’s location is a bridge to China, the US wants in on this! As western Powers modernize, agricultural nations are targets!!! Japan has witnessed how China fell prey to Britain – they do not want to be next So, the Emperor will make a decision to accommodate and adapt – to Modernize and Westernize

Meiji Restoration Key Facets/Characteristics Brings an end to the Tokugawa Shogunate = Meiji emperor in Power Have a strong Emperor at the center of Japan's political organization to project Japanese. Adopt Western style Military, education, clothing and a Constitution All of this places the Japanese in a position of Military and Naval Power They utilize this power to begin imperializing many regions and countries

Japanese Imperialism Treaty of Kanagawa signed (1854) 1854 - U.S. warships enter JN Seeking trade Pact Led by Commodore Matthew Perry TS reluctantly agrees. Treaty of Kanagawa signed (1854)

Emperor Meiji credited with modernizing Japan Japanese Imperialism Meiji Restoration (MR) Shogun ends in 1868 Emperor Meiji restored Begins JN’s mass industrialization Emperor Meiji credited with modernizing Japan

The Meiji Restoration Key People/Groups Matthew Perry: US Commodore who “persuades” japan to open to the West Emperor Mutsuhito is placed in charge and he takes on the name MEIJI meaning “enlightened rule” This ends the Tokugawa reign, and Japan’s isolation “MEIJI” meaning “enlightened rule”

Japan: The Meiji Restoration Impact of this Age Ends Japanese Isolation = cultural changes will impact their civilization Japan industrializes = factory system and Modern Military – a threat to the Far East Japan will become an Imperial Power as they seek raw materials and more territory Russia and China will, amazingly, be defeated by this “smaller foe” We see here the roots of the Militaristic japan that will dominate Asia in the 1930’s leading to WWII

Japanese Imperialism Should JN resist Westernization? Imperialists vs. Shogunate forces What’s westernization?

Japan Industrializes Rapidly

Industrial Growth Japan 1870-1920 Steam ship growth 1873 = 26 1894 =169 1904 = 797 1913 = 1514 Coal production 1875 = 600,000 1885 = 1,200,000 1895 = 5,000,000 1905 = 13,000,000 1913 = 21,300,000

Japanese Imperialism MR (1869-1912): 1. JN officials sent to Britain to learn military strategy 2. Modern military built 3. Industrialization: Factories, Infrastructure, modern banking, public education

Japanese Navy

Japanese Imperialism Japanese Imperialism Lacked natural resources. JN’s geography? Lacked natural resources. JN looks for colonies in Korea. Opponents: China & Russia:

Japanese Imperialism Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 fought against China Spoils: JN makes Korea 1st colony Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 ends in JN victory Historic victory?

Japanese preparing for battle in Russo-Japanese War

Japanese Imperialism Results: Clears way for JN superiority as a power Tilts B.O.P. in Asia

Consult your notes to section on Imperialism 1. What places did Europeans imperialize? 2. Provide me TWO reasons why Europeans began to imperialize 3. Who were the leading countries that imperialized?

Berlin Conference 1884-1885 Euro. Powers fear war over dividing Africa O.V. Bismarck Meeting of 14 European nations to discuss the colonization of Africa 1. European nation agreed to partition Africa into colonies & agree on borders 2. Claimant had to have people physically on ground to say it was there’s 3. Ends competing claims by Euro. Powers 4. Ended African independence =All of Africa is imperialized by 1890

Berlin Conference 1884

Where is South Africa? Who lived there? Natives of South Africa – Zulus (black natives) White Dutch migrants – Boers or Afrikaners (1650s) British migrants – (1790s)

Zulus & Boers

Imperialism in South Africa Dutch settlers came to S.A. for better farmlands in the 1650s. British colonization of SA began in 1790s 1. way station to get to India – British colony Diamonds were discovered in 1890s fueling war between Boers & British Boer Wars (1880s-1910) – Boers vs. British 1887 – Zulu nation was defeated by British army after years of fighting Boers were defeated by 1910 giving British firm control over South Africa

Apartheid British ultimately gave control of SA to white Boers in 1940s (after WWII) Boers fearing black control, instituted a system of racial segregation called Apartheid. Apartheid segregated non-white population & made non-whites second class citizens 1948-1994