French Revolution Revolution led by a middle class

3 Classes or Estates in France First Estate: The Church

Second Estate: 3 Classes or Estates in France The Nobility

Third Estate: 3 Classes or Estates in France Remainder of Population Middle Class Wealthy Educated Professionals Lowest Class Poor Peasants City workers

Q. What inequality exists that may have angered members of the third estate? 3 Estate 1 Estate2 Estate 1 Estate 3 Estate 2 Estate 3 Estate

1. Economic gap between 3 classes or estates in France Long Term Causes 2. Unfair Tax System

Long Term Causes 3. Political inequalities for a frustrated Middle Class First Estate Second Estate Third Estate X X 1 Vote X= Representative

Why Revolt in 1789? Immediate Causes 1.Enlightenment Period Key Issues: Equality of man Natural Rights Responsibility of Government

2. Poor leadership of last 2 monarchs Immediate Causes Especially Louis the 16th

Immediate Causes 3. Financial Crisis Country was in debt Crop failures

4. American Revolution Immediate Causes Why? A. Helped Americans with money— hurt economy B. Example to follow

Phases of the French Revolution 1. Moderate Phase Goal: Create Constitutional Monarch Method: Peaceful Protests, meetings Result: New Constitution, New set of liberties- Declaration of the Rights of Man

2. Radical Phase Phases of the French Revolution Goal: Create a republic Method: “Remove” king/ nobility, use Violence Results: Mass executions- Reign of Terror

3. Conservative or Reactionary Phase Phases of the French Revolution Goal: Restore peace/order Method: Quick takeover of power by Napoleon Result: Creation of Empire system— One ruler

The Rise of Napoleon Why??? 1. Product of French Revolution 2. Talented general who became a national hero 3. Joins coup that takes over Directory Middle Class Corsican Rise through talent Military Victories Restored order in Paris (Corrupt govt.) Manipulates into becoming emperor

A. Invaded Spain/ Portugal leading to bloody revolutions B. French blockade attempts of ports of trade anger allies C. Created first Public Education system D. Equal opportunities for government positions E. Equalized Taxes for all Frenchmen F. Women’s rights were taken away G. Invasion of Russia cripples French Army H. Continental System stifled European trade J. Created uniform code of laws (Civic Code) K. Created National Bank to handle debt L. Citizens no longer enjoy freedom of speech/press I. Spread ideas of revolution (equality and nationalism) to rest of Europeans

Downfall Could not counter British navy Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal Invasion of Russia Final defeat at Waterloo Battle of Trafalgar- Napoleon’s first defeat Winter and Size of Russia Moscow Paris Route of French Army After marching 2000 miles, army reached the city limits of Moscow

Downfall Could not counter British navy Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal Invasion of Russia Final defeat at Waterloo Battle of Trafalgar- Napoleon’s first defeat Winter and Size of Russia combined European armies Paris

Europe 1811 Shade: French Empire Controlled by Napoleon At war with Napoleon Europe 1815 Questions: What is the most significant difference between Europe in 1811 and Europe in 1815? What must have happened that accounts for this difference?