If Clauses

If you study hard, you will pass . (simple present) (simple future) Oração condicional Oração principal If you study hard, you will pass . (simple present) (simple future) If you studied hard, you would pass . (simple past) (conditional) If you had studied hard, you would have passed . (past perfect) (conditional perfect)

If you study hard, you will pass . Possibilidade real Oração condicional Oração principal Simple future Simple present Imperative If you study hard, you will pass . If he studies hard, he will pass . If she comes home, call me . If you want to go, go !

Possibilidade hipotética Oração condicional Oração principal Simple past Conditional If you studied hard, you would pass . If you tried, you would get . If she came home, I would call you . If they did the task, we would feel better .

Caso especial 1 Oração condicional Oração principal If she came home early, I could / might help you . If they did the task correctly, we could / might feel better .

Verb “to be” - Simple past Caso especial 2 Verb “to be” - Simple past I was you were he was she was it was we were they were If clauses “were” para todas If I were you, I would go . If she were home, I would visit her. If he were there, he would try again.

Condição impossível Oração principal Oração condicional Past perfect Conditional perfect If you had studied hard, you would have passed . If you had tried, you would have gotten . If she had come home, I would have called you . If they had done the task, we would have felt better .

Caso especial 3 Oração condicional Oração principal If you had told before, I could /might have sent the files . If you had gone there, you could /might have bought the machine .

Caso especial 4 Oração condicional Oração principal Em linguagem literária pode-se omitir a conjunção “if” Oração condicional Oração principal If you had studied hard, you would have passed . Had you studied hard, you would have passed . If he had worked hard, he would have made money . Had he worked hard, he would have made money .

“Whether” Caso especial 5 “Whether” também significa “se”, mas é uma conjunção “integrante”; é usada quando há uma opção ou dúvida na oração. I don’t know whether he will be here or not . We’re going to the beach whether it rains or not . We’ll do that whether or not he wants it .

Exercises

Supply the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 1.If you try to change her, she__________you for good. (to leave) 2.If we call them, they________ without questioning. (to come) 3.If he ______his money, he will buy that car. (to save) 4.If they had the right tool, we__________ the engine. (to fix) 5.If he______ that song, the audience would like . (to sing) will leave will come saves would fix sang

6.If she _____here, we all would feel much better. (to be) 7.If Jack had asked me, I_________________him. (to help) 8.If they ________time that day, they would have made the decision. (to have) 9.If Jane had accepted the offer, she_______________ succeeded. (to be) 10.If I _____more ambitious, I would buy the company. were would have helped had had would have been were

Tests

x Test 1 (PUC-PR) - Complete with the right alternative. If I______you, I_________a new car. a) am, buy b) was, would buy c) were, would buy d) were, will buy e) are, will buy x

x Test 2 (ITA) – The alternative that completes the sentence below; I_________to your party if you had invited me. a) will go b) would c) would have gone d) went e) go x

Test 3 (PUC) – Choose the best alternative that completes the sentence below; If those physicists were more persistent, they_______an important discovery. a) would make b) had make c) would have made d) would had made e) none of the above alternatives applies. x

x Test 4 (PUC - PR) - Which alternative completes the sentence below?   If the Italian tarantula had been so poisonous, a lot of people__________ a) will be killed. b) would have to kill. c) would have killed. d) would be killed. e) would have been killed. x

Test 5 (CESGRANRIO) – Mark the item that shows the correct ending to the following sentence:   "If the process happens each time we eat sugar, we ……….." a) will have dental problems. b) would have dental problems. c) would have had dental problems. d) could have dental problems. e) may have had dental problems. x

x Test 6 (FAAP - SP) - Which is the correct form?   a) If George is here with us, I would feel more comfortable. b) If George was here with us, I would feel more comfortable. c) If George was with us, I will feel more comfortable. d) If George were here with us, I will feel more comfortable. e) If George were here with us, I would feel more comfortable. x

x Test 7 (PUC - PR) - Complete with the right alternative:   "If I ___________you, I___________a new car. This one is pretty old." a) am, buy; b) was, would buy; c) were, would buy; d) were, will buy; e) are, will buy. x

x Test 8 (PUC - PR) - If he loses election, he ____ from public life.   a) will retire; b) has retired; c) retired; d) retire; e) going to retire. x

Test 9 (UFSM - RS) - Mark the alternative that completes the sentence correctly:   "If Derek had been honest, he _____the money back". a) would b) did c) won't d) would have received e) don't x

Test 10 (CESGRANRIO - RJ) - Mark the sentence below that must be completed with the same verb tense as “had ascribed”.   a) If I had the time, I __________ (visit) you. b) If I go to the Post Office, I_________(mail) this letter for you. c) If she ___________(see) the movie, she would have told you. d) He would tell you about it if he __________ (be) there. e) I could understand him if he_______ (not speak) so quickly. x