Advanced Human Trafficking in the State of Texas TCOLE Course #: 3271 Participant Handout Hosted By Bexar County Constable ’ s Office PCT#4 Constable Robert M. Blount UNIT THREE

2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Learning Objective 3.0: Learning Objective 3.0: The participant will be able to define the elements of human trafficking. Learning Objective 3.1: Learning Objective 3.1: The participant will be able to list three methods of control in Human Trafficking. Learning Objective 3.2: Learning Objective 3.2: The participant will be able to identify three examples of force used against trafficking victims. Learning Objective 3.3: Learning Objective 3.3: The participant will be able to identify three examples of fraud used against Human Trafficking victims. Learning Objective 3.4: Learning Objective 3.4: The participant will be able to identify three examples of coercion used against Human Trafficking victims. 2

3 Learning Objective 3.5: Learning Objective 3.5: The participant will be able to list examples of bonded labor. Learning Objective 3.6: Learning Objective 3.6: The participant will be able to list examples of forced labor. Learning Objective 3.7: Learning Objective 3.7: The participant will be able to identify and list examples of Child Labor. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Continued

4 UNIT THREE ELEMENTS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING 4

5 3.1 METHODS USED TO CONTROL VICTIMS ____________, _____________ AND _____________ Are methods used by traffickers to press victims into lives of servitude and abuse.

6 3.2 Examples of FORCE used 1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ Assault 5._____________ 6._________ Addiction 7._____________ 8.___________ or Tattooing

7 3.3 Examples of FRAUD 1.False ___________, i.e. marriages, employment 2.________________ enticing and affectionate behavior, “the boyfriend” 3.Withholding ____________ 4.________________ working conditions 5.Misrepresenting the promise of a “ _________ _______ ”

8 3.4 Traffickers control their victims by COERCION 1.Threats Of Serious _________ Or Restraint 2.________________ /Humiliation 3.Emotional ___________ 4.Control Of Daily Lives And _________________

9 5._________________ To Family Members 6._________________ Threats 7.Confiscation Of _______________ 3.4 COERCION – Continued

Who are the VICTIMS?  The International Labor Organization estimated more than 2.4 million people are victims of forced labor as a result of human trafficking.  More than half of whom are __________ and ________________ 1

11 International Labor Organization, A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour, A Global Report under the Follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and rights at Work 2005 The cost of coercion; REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL; Global Report under the follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work; INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE; 98th Session  The cost to victims is estimated at $20.9 billion per year Who are the VICTIMS? Continued

TEXAS NUMBERS….  Bureau of Justice Administration human trafficking task forces have reported (August 2010) Texas-based incidences or investigations arrests identified victims 4.Reports from January 1, 2007 – August 12, 2010 (Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston and San Antonio

13  Innocence Lost Task Forces in Texas reported the rescue of 109 minor victims in FY 2010 (October 2009-August 2010)  The National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline indicates 12% of calls came from Texas in 2009 (highest % of calls) TEXAS NUMBERS…Cont’d 3.4

SEX TRAFFICKING DEFINED Commercial sex act induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or, sex act in which the person performing the act is under the age 18.

3.4 SEX TRAFFICKING  Prostitution is the most common form of trafficking in the United States  May be working in: ________________ parlors ________________ parlors ________________ ________________ ____________ clubs ____________ clubs 15

16  May be working in: ______________ services ______________ services ______________ ______________ ______________ studios ______________ studios ____________ ______________ ____________ ______________ 3.4 SEX TRAFFICKING Continued

DOMESTIC MINOR SEX TRAFFICKING VICTIM  100,000 to 300,000 American children victimized through the practice of child prostitution every year (commercial sexual exploitation)  30% of shelter youth and 70% of street youth victimized through commercial sexual exploitation

18 1 Prostituted Children in the United States: Identifying and Responding to America’s Trafficked Youth, Serg.1. Shared Hope International and Onanon Productions. DVD. Washington, D.C.:Shared Hope International 2 3 Estes, R. & Weiner, N. “Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.” University of Pennsylvania, 2001 Heather J. Clawson, Nicole Dutch, Amy Solomon, and Lisa Goldblatt Grace, August 2009  Organizations and agencies working with domestic minors involved in prostitution estimate that 70-80% of the minors they serve are runaways with a history of childhood abuse and sexual abuse 3 3.4

3.4 LABOR TRAFFICKING Using force, fraud, or coercion to  ______________,  obtain, or ____________ a person for labor or 19

20 Using force, fraud, or coercion to  services in involuntary ______________,  ______________,  _________ bondage, or  _______________. 3.4 LABOR TRAFFICKING Continued

21 Labor trafficking may be separated into three distinct categories which are used to exploit victims of human trafficking. 3.4 LABOR TRAFFICKING

22 1.________________ Labor 2.________________ Labor 3.________________ Labor 3.4 LABOR TRAFFICKING Continued

23 Labor is demanded as a means of repayment for a loan or service in which the terms and conditions have not been defined or in which the value of the victim’s services, as reasonably assessed, is not applied toward the liquidation of the debt. 3.5 BONDED LABOR Victims become bonded labors when

24 The value of their work is greater than the original sum of money “borrowed.” 3.5 BONDED LABOR Victims become bonded labors when Continued

25 1.____________ farm workers 2.____________ camps or 3.____________ 4._______________ servitude 3.5 BONDED LABOR Continued

26 Victims are forced to work against their ______, under the threat of violence or some other form of punishment, their freedom is restricted and a degree of ownership is exerted. 3.6 FORCED LABOR

27 ____________ servitude ____________ servitude ____________ labor ____________ labor ____________ factory labor ____________ factory labor ____________ ____________ 3.6 FORCED LABOR continued continued

28 ____________ service ____________ service ____________ sales (door to door) ____________ sales (door to door) ____________ some seen soliciting money from drivers on streets ____________ some seen soliciting money from drivers on streets 3.6 FORCED LABOR continued continued

29 Work likely to be hazardous to the health and/or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development of ____________ and can interfere with their education. CHILD LABOR DEFINED: Work likely to be hazardous to the health and/or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development of ____________ and can interfere with their education. 3.7 CHILD LABOR

3.7 Examples of Child Labor Continued The International Labor Organization estimates worldwide there are 215 million children between ____and ____ involved in child labor. Of those, more than 115 million are involved in the “unconditional worst forms of child labor” including: 30

31 Debt BondageDebt Bondage Forced recruitment for armed conflictForced recruitment for armed conflict Commercial Sex trade prostitution and pornographyCommercial Sex trade prostitution and pornography Domestic servitudeDomestic servitude Illegal Drug tradeIllegal Drug trade Illegal Arms tradeIllegal Arms trade 3.7 CHILD LABOR – Cont’d: AND much more……!

WHERE VICTIMS ARE EXPLOITED  Restaurants  Nail salons  Factories  Private residences  Cantinas/Bars  Massage parlors  Escort services  Sexually oriented businesses

MARKETING THE EXPLOITATION  __________ *  Personal ______  __________ cards  __________  __________ bureaus  __________ Network sites

34 Internet ads and pages are continually adapting.Internet ads and pages are continually adapting. Pressures from citizens, Attorney General’s and other organizations have forced some sites to close “________ Services” pagesPressures from citizens, Attorney General’s and other organizations have forced some sites to close “________ Services” pages

35 Traffickers continue to seek internet sites to cater to their _________.Traffickers continue to seek internet sites to cater to their _________.

36 The next prostitute, exotic dancer, illegal immigrant, runaway youth, domestic servant, or migrant worker you encounter or take into custody may be a victim of human trafficking.” “The next prostitute, exotic dancer, illegal immigrant, runaway youth, domestic servant, or migrant worker you encounter or take into custody may be a victim of human trafficking.” WHO ARE THE VICTIMS?

Questions?

SOURCES All Course Sources and/or Resources are listed in your Participant Handout ADVANCED HUMAN TRAFFICKING TCOLE Course # 3271

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