Bellringer – 9/9/14 What is the driving force behind humanity’s need to explore? (Give one historical example!) ▫ Examples: Power – Resources – Expansion – Competition – Strategy – Colonization – etc. Mr. Meyer’s Example: ▫ Humanity needs to explore in order to compete against rival nations. One example would be the “Space Race,” of the 1960’s. The global competition between major world nations sparked a worldwide investment in scientific research, technology and manufacturing.

The Age of Exploration – Chapter 13 Introduction to Chapter 13 –

World History Standards - MWH-1.1 Describe the diffusion of people and goods between Europe, Asia, and Africa during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries to show the networks of economic interdependence and cultural interactions. MWH-1.3 Analyze the reasons for European interest in Africa, including the significance of the struggle between Muslim and Christian leaders in the Mediterranean and European interest in finding new trade routes to Asia. MWH -2.2 Describe the principle routes of exploration and trade between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas from the late fifteenth century through the sixteenth century. MWH -2.6 Describe the impact of the competition among European countries on the various kingdoms of the Americas and Africa, including the Columbian Exchange and the slave trade. MWH-3.1 Describe the proliferation of religious ideas, including the expansion of Islam, the competition between Protestants and Catholics throughout Europe, and the spread of Buddhism through East and Southeast Asia. MWH-3.6 Analyze various indigenous religions practiced in Africa and the Americas and their impact on the culture of the region, including animism and polytheism.

Who? - What? - Where?

Science, Technology and Society – Pg. 409 Who did the European Explorers owe for the Technology that made Sea Travel of this era possible? What is chartography?

Bellringer – 9/15/14 What evidence did Vespucci present about the native peoples he encountered? Discussion: Do you believe that all native peoples were like this?

The Age of Exploration – Chapter 13 Exploration and Expansion – Section 1

What Drove Europe to Explore? Europeans wanted land access to the market of spices and goods of East Asia, but were blocked by the Ottomans in the Middle East. ▫ This drove Europeans to explore alternative routes on the sea. Motivations: ▫ Money – Huge sums of money could be gained through this trade. ▫ Religion – Many explorers were sent to “bring light to those who were in the darkness,” through converting native peoples. ▫ Fame – Most explorers sought the grandeur and glory from discovering something new.

What Technology Facilitated Sea Travel? Portolani – Maps based on coastlines and distances Cartography – the art and science of map making Arab Technology ▫ Astrolabe ▫ Compass ▫ Lateen – triangular sails ▫ Caravels – Manuverable ships that could carry heavy artillery and cargo.

Trading Empires - Portugal 1420 – Prince Henry the Navigator – Sends Portugese fleets South to explore the Western African coast. ▫ Gold was discovered and more expeditions were sent – Bartholomeu Dias – Passed the Cape of Good Hope – Vasco da Gama - Sailed South around Africa, across the Indian Ocean and arrived at Calicut, India. ▫ Da Gama’s several trips inspired many to follow his course. In the early 1500’s, the Portuguese set up posts on the Malay Peninsula. ▫ Expeditions were sent to China and the Spice Islands. Final Verdict: The Portuguese lacked the power, people or funds to properly colonize in Asia.

Trading Empires - Spain The Spanish attempted to reach India by sailing West across the Atlantic Ocean. Christopher Columbus – 1492 – Reached the Americas, Cuba and Hispaniola. ▫ Travelled on three other voyages to the major islands of the Caribbean and Honduras in Central America. Line of Demarcation – Created by the Treaty of Tordesillias, the Spanish and Portuguese divvied up the unexplored territories of the world. ▫ The Spanish received control over most of the Americas, the Portuguese received control of the sea route to Asia.

Trading Empires – Spain Spanish Conquest The Spanish sent conquistadors to the Americas to conquer their new found territory. Hernan Cortes – Conquered the Aztec people of Central Mexico. Francisco Pizarro – Conquered the Incan people of South America. Queen Isabella of Spain granted encomienda – the right to demand tribute from or use native inhabitants for forced labor. Native populations were decimated by starvation and disease. Final Verdict: Native American social and political structures were torn apart and replaced by European religion, language and government.

Trading Empires - England 1497 – Italian explorer John Cabot is sent by King Henry VII. Landed in Canada and explored the North American coastline. In the early 1500’s, the English succeed in establishing a trade relationship with the people of Northwest India. Final Verdict: Eventually the territory claimed by John Cabot for England in North America became colonies. The establishment of English mercantilism eventually led to their control over the East coast of North America.

Trading Empires – Netherlands (Dutch) 1595 – The Dutch arrive in India and form the East India Company. The Dutch also settle in the New World along the Hudson River in New York, naming it New Netherland. Final Verdict: French and English competition in the New World out spend the Dutch and England seized their territory renaming it New York. The French join the game the latest and colonize part of what is now Canada and Louisiana along the Mississippi. Trading Empires – France

Explorer Experts - Before you leave - You will be responsible for detailing the information on the explorer assigned to you. 1.Find out where your explorer was originally from. 2.Find out where they discovered/ explored. 3.What permanent changes resulted from their exploration? 4.What feat is your explorer known for accomplishing? 5.Describe the route of their journey – Use the Map (408)

Vasco Da Gama – Where was he from? Where did he explore?

Christopher Columbus – Where was he from? Where did he explore?

John Cabot – Where was he from? Where did he explore?

Amerigo Vespucci – Where was he from? Where did he explore?

Francisco Pizarro – Where was he from? Where did he explore?

Ferdinand Magellan – Where was he from? Where did he explore?