Medical parasitology (Final Revision ) Manchester, S6

Points you have to know with each parasite Habitat D.H, R.H, I.H Drug of choice C/P Diagnostic , infective stages

Echinococcus granulosus Enterobius vermicularis Helminths Trematodes Fasciola species P. westermani Cestodes Taenia species Echinococcus granulosus Nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides Enterobius vermicularis Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi

Fasciola species

Fasciola cercaria

Fasciola egg

Name ?

Parasites affecting lung

Paragonimus egg

Tapeworms

Taenia saginata gravid segment

Taenia solium gravid segment

Taenia saginata & Taenia solium scolex

Taenia egg

E) Diagnostic stage (gravid segments or rarely eggs in the stool) 1) The next figure represents part of a parasite Answer the following questions: A) Mention name of the parasite (Taenia solium) B) Diseases caused by this parasite (intestinal taeniasis and cysticercosis ) C) Methods of infection (consumption of imperfectly cooked pig's meat containing the cysticercus cellulosa, ingestion of eggs of T. Solium, external or internal autoinfection) D) Infective stage (cysticercus cellulosa in case of intestinal taeniasis and egg in case of cysticercosis) E) Diagnostic stage (gravid segments or rarely eggs in the stool) F) Habitat of this parasite (small intestine)

Ecchinococcus granulosus

Unilocular hydatid cyst

Ascaris adult male and female

Fertile egg of Ascaris

Ascaris eggs decorticated Corticated & fertilized unfertilized

Enterobius vermicularis male

Enterobius vermicularis female

Enterobius vermicularis egg

Wuchereia bancrofti microfilaria

Entamoeba histolytica cyst

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites

Giardia intestinalis trophozoite

Giardia intestinalis cyst

Free-living amoebae Naegleria fowleri

Acanthamoeba castellani

Phlebotomous papatasi Haemosomatic flagellates Phlebotomous papatasi

Leishmania Promastigote form

Leishmania promastigote

Polymorphic trypanosomes

Monomorphic trypanosomes Trypanosoma cruzi in blood

T. Cruzi forms in blood and tissue

Chiclero ulcer Romana’s sign

Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte

Plasmodium malariae Band form trophozoite

Plasmodium ring stage

P. vivax ring

Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax `n ovale Complications: Cerebral malaria Hypoglycaemia Hyperpyrexia Convulsion Shock Hemoglobinuria Severe anaemia Acute renal failure Coagulopathy Spontaneous bleeding Acute pulmonary oedema Aspiration pneumonia Hyperparasitaemia Metabolic acidosis Glomerulonephritis Nephrotic syndrome Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium falciparum Relapses Plasmodium vivax `n ovale Manar Sobh Azab

Malaria Mosquito-born malaria Blood-transfusion malaria

P. vivax P. ovale P. malariae P. falciparum Stippling Schuffner dots (fine pink dots) Schufffner dots (fine pink dots) Ziemann dots (fine pink dots) Maurer dots (irregular red clefts) Ring stage Fills 1/3 of R.B.Cs. Fills 1/3 of R.B.Cs. ,stippling appears early Fills 1/6 of R.B.Cs. - Frequently two chromatin dots -Accolé forms Trophozoite - Amoeboid - Highly vacuolated - More compact - Less vacuolated - Less vacuolated, sometimes band shaped - Not seen in peripheral blood Schizont - Fills the R.B.Cs. - Contains 16 merozoites - Fills 3/4 of R.B.Cs. - Contains 8 merozoites - Contains 8 merozoites (rosette- shape) - Fills 3/4 of R.B.Cs. - Contains 24 merozites - Not seen in peripherial blood Gametocyte Fills the R.B.Cs. Fills 3/4 of R.B.Cs. Crescent or banana – shaped

Control of arthropods Larva Adult

Parasites transmitted by arthropods W. bancroft, malayi (mosquitoes). Giardia, Entamoeba, Enterobius, Ascaris (house fly) Leishmania (sand fly). Trypanosoma gambiense (Glossina). Trypanosoma cruzi (Triatoma). . Plasmodium (mosquito Anopheles).

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