I.Intro to Indus Civilization II.Indus Cities a.Background b.Planning and Standardization c.Water and Drainage d.Citadels III.Standardized Weights/Measures IV.Trade V.Unanswered Questions I.Undeciphered writing system II.Government III.Religion VI.Decline VII.Indian Geography and Pattern of Indian History VIII.Pattern Playing Out

Intro to Indus Civ Discovery Hydraulic Civ Geography

Artist’s conception of a street scene in Mohenjo Daro & one of its excavated streets now

Reconstruction of “Lower Town” to East of Citadel in Mohenjo-Daro Planning and Standardization -Grid System for Streets -Blocks of Standard Size

Mohenjo Daro Planning and Standardization -Grid System for Streets -Blocks of Standard Size -Wells systematically distributed

A private well (l.) & public well (r.) from Harappa

Mohenjo Daro Planning and Standardization -Grid System for Streets -Blocks of Standard Size -Wells systematically distributed -Two standardized sizes of bricks

Mohenjo Daro Planning and Standardization -Grid System for Streets -Blocks of Standard Size -Wells systematically distributed -Two standardized sizes of bricks -Houses

Planning and Standardization -Grid System for Streets -Blocks of Standard Size -Wells systematically distributed -Two standardized sizes of bricks -Houses

FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY A drainage channel from a private home in Mohenjo Daro Drainage Systems -Irrigation for Agriculture -Wells -Private Drainage Systems

Drainage Systems -Irrigation for Agriculture -Wells -Private Drainage Systems

An artist’s impression of how the drainage system at Mohenjo Daro worked Drainage Systems -Irrigation for Agriculture -Wells -Private Drainage Systems -Private Bathing System

Drainage Systems -Irrigation for Agriculture -Wells -Private Drainage Systems -Private Bathing System -Toilets

An artist’s impression of how the drainage system at Mohenjo Daro worked Drainage Systems -Irrigation for Agriculture -Wells -Private Drainage Systems -Private Bathing System

Drainage Systems -Irrigation for Agriculture -Wells -Private Drainage Systems -Private Bathing System -Toilets

Drainage Systems -Irrigation for Agriculture -Wells -Private Drainage Systems -Private Bathing System -Toilets

Excavated ruins of the great bath of Mohenjo Daro Drainage Systems -Irrigation for Agriculture -Wells -Private Drainage Systems -Private Bathing System -Toilets -Public Baths

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Port of Lothal Trade Contact with Mesop and China Seals Cities as Trade Centers Provided Wealth for Societies

FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY I.Brief Intro to Indus Civ II.Cities I.Background II. Planning and Standardization III. Drainage Systems IV. Fortresses III.Std’ized Weights and Measures IV.Trade V.Unanswered Questions I.Language

Male god in yogic position Religion Assembly Halls? Ritual Baths? Speculation: Powerful Priestly Class Gods

Goddess Figurines Religion Assembly Halls? Ritual Baths? Speculation: Powerful Priestly Class Gods Goddesses

FC12 THE INDUS RIVER CIVILIZATION & PATTERN OF INDIAN HISTORY I.Brief Intro to Indus Civ II.Cities I.Background II. Planning and Standardization III. Drainage Systems IV. Fortresses III.Std’ized Weights and Measures IV.Trade V.Unanswered Questions I.Language II.Government III.Religion VI.Decline I.The “What” What Happened? Background Densely Populated by 3000 Flourishing by 2600 Cities Abandoned by Evidence Abandoned town planning Long distance trade declined. We stop hearing about them from Indus script no longer employed Standardized weights gone Standardized mud bricks gone